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Bacteria and yeast cells are used to produce large amounts of human proteins because they can be genetically engineered to express these proteins efficiently and cost-effectively. Their rapid growth rates allow for high yields in a short time, and they can be cultured in simple, controlled environments. Additionally, these microorganisms can perform post-translational modifications, which are essential for the proper functioning of many human proteins. This makes them valuable tools in biotechnology and pharmaceutical production.
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How do antibiotics work to target bacteria without causing harm to the surrounding human cells?
Antibiotics work by targeting specific structures or processes in bacteria that are essential for their survival, such as cell wall formation or protein synthesis. These structures or processes are not present in human cells, so the antibiotics are able to selectively kill the bacteria without harming human cells.
What is the similarities and difference between the bacteria and human cells?
Both bacteria and human cells are made up of a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and genetic material, but bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles like the nucleus found in human cells. Bacteria have a simpler structure and are typically smaller in size compared to human cells. Additionally, human cells are eukaryotic, while bacteria are prokaryotic.
Why do protein synthesis inhibitor a.k.a antibiotics affect bacteria only but not human cells?
most of the antibiotics kill or inactivate bacteria by inhibitting the protein synthesis... protein synthesis consists of 'transcription' and 'translation'.. the translation process requiers mRNA and ribosomes.Human(eukaryotic) ribosome is different from bacterial(prokaryotic) ribosome... Antibiotics inhibit the protein synthesis by altering the ribosomal constitution.Since human ribosomes are different from bacterial ribosome,the substances which are harmful to bacterial ribosome doesn't harm human ribosomes.. Thus human cells are immune to antibiotics..
Are bacteria cells the same as human skin cells?
No, bacteria cells are prokaryotic cells, meaning they do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, while human skin cells are eukaryotic cells with a nucleus and organelles. Additionally, bacteria cells are much smaller in size compared to human skin cells.
What do human cells have in common with bacteria cells?
Humans are related to bacteria in that they are both a part of the Earth. They interact with one another, and while some bacteria is actually helpful to humans, many kinds of bacteria can be harmful.
Where does protein digestion end in the human body?
In the human body, protein digestion ends in the small intestine. Protein is required to repair cells and to help new cells grow.
Why do bacteria cells have ribosomes As in what do the ribosomes do?
Ribosomes in bacterial cells are responsible for protein synthesis. They read the messenger RNA (mRNA) and use the information to assemble amino acids into proteins. Ribosomes are essential for building the proteins that bacteria need to carry out various biological functions and processes.
What are the genetic differences between bacteria cells and human body cells?
One key genetic difference is the presence of a nucleus in human cells, which bacteria lack. Human cells have linear chromosomes enclosed within the nucleus, while bacteria have a single circular chromosome located in the cytoplasm. Additionally, bacteria may have plasmids, small circular DNA molecules that are often absent in human cells.
Why pencilin does not harm human cells?
Penicillin targets the cell walls of bacteria, which are different from human cells. Human cells do not have cell walls like bacteria do, so penicillin does not harm them. This allows penicillin to selectively target bacterial cells while leaving human cells unharmed.
How does antibiotics kill bacteria without harming human cells?
Antibiotics target specific bacterial structures or functions that are not present in human cells. For example, many antibiotics inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, disrupt protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosomes, or interfere with bacterial DNA replication. Since human cells lack these unique features, antibiotics can effectively kill bacteria while leaving human cells unharmed. This selective targeting is crucial for their therapeutic effectiveness.
What are the similarities between bacterial cells and human cells?
Predominantly multicellular not in bacteria but in human body • Cell contains a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles not in bacteria but in human body • DNA occurs in a circular form in bacteria only
How much bacteria is on the tongue?
According to Wikipedia, only 1013 cells in the human body are human cells. The rest, out of 1014, are bacteria. This gives a total of around 9 x 1013 or 90 trillion bacteria.
