Either a small fungal infection or a bacterial infection of columnarius bacteria. If it went away on its own then you don't have to worry about it, but if it won't go away then try rubbing it with s little dab of potassium permanganate. Along with that raise the salt concentration to about 0.3% this should do the trick.
It could well be an ulcer. These usually only occur if the condition of the water the fish is in is bad. Please read the following basic rules of fish keeping and follow them. :- 1 inch of fish needs a minimum of 1 gallon of water. :- Every fish tank needs a continuously running cycled filter. :- Every fish tank needs at least 50% of its water replaced every week. If you follow the above rules you will have few problems keeping fish healthy and the current illness (ulcer) may well go away. If you fail in any of them I can guarantee that your fish will constantly be getting sick and dying.
There is no pink goldfish. However, there are pink tropical fish.
The huge puss-spot is probably a tumor, this is found quite commonly in older goldfish.
Because your goldfish is dead.
no
who knows. maybe it's sick.
It is quite possible that the black spot is part of the fishes colouration. Goldfish often have many different colours in many different shapes and shades anywhere on their bodies or fins.
A male goldfish developes white spots when he is about to fertilize the females eggs. It could be possible that you have a male and a female! Congrats!!!
Actually, goldfish don't have a specific gender. They are born as females, but as they grow, they turn into males.
if it is not swimming and it lays on its side then it is dead.
rain stain
I am unaware of "Black Spot" being a disease of fish. So I would say no.
Yes, you will see a white spot on its gills when it is ready to.