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It is not necessary to use painting mediums with oil color. If your tube colors have a buttery consistency, you can paint from start to finish without mediums. However, if you will be using multiple layers of paint, it may be necessary to incorporate mediums which increase the percentage of oil in the top layers. This will prevent cracking, and will also improve the flow. Conversely, most artists like to use a solvent in the initial layers which reduces the percentage of oil and improves flow and increases drying time.

Here are some rules with layering:

Fat (more medium) over lean.

Thick paint over thin.

Slow-drying pigment over fast-drying pigment (earth tones).

Slow-drying oils (poppy, walnut) over fast-drying oils and alkyds (linseed, stand oil).

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Q: Do you need mediums if you paint with oil color?
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