Yes, it does.
A normal summon is where you just summon a monster and NOT use its effect or ability, just its ATK and DEF. A special summon is where you summon a card and use its effect or ability. You can only special summon a card if you have another card saying that you can special summon a card, you cannot just going around special summoning every monster.
No. Monsters can special summon themselves in two ways, there are monsters that special summon themselves without using the chain, such as Cyber Dragon, and Dark Armed Dragon, but also Synchro Summons. Then there are those that are special summoned by the resolution of an activated effect. To negate the former, you wait until the new monster is placed on the field. Summon negation cards like Solemn Judgment, can then be used on it. To stop the summon in this latter case, you have to negate the activated effect - once it resolves, the summon is successful and can't be stopped. DD Scout Plane summons itself on resolution of its Triggered effect. Solemn Judgment cannot negate activated monster effects, so cannot be chained to this activation. Once the effect resolves, DD Scout Plane is considered to be successfully special summoned, so can't be negated. If the monster is being summoned by an activated Trap or Spell card, Solemn Judgment can be chained to these. But it cannot stop a summon from an activated monster effect, which is why Solemn Warning became so heavily used, because it can negate such monster effects.
For any Fusion Monster, they can only be Special Summoned from the graveyard if they were properly Special Summoned to the field first. That will usually mean by Fusion Summon.There are ways to bring a Fusion Monster to the field without Fusion Summoning it. Cyber Stein is one, and Summoner of Illusion is another. Since these are not Fusion Summons (they are generic Special Summons), the monster was not summoned properly. If they are destroyed, you cannot bring them back with cards like Monster Reborn, and Destiny End Dragoon's effect is no different, it would be unable to special summon him back to the field.Only by Fusion Summoning him initially, is he allowed to use his effect to resummon himself after destruction.(If it is a Fusion Monster that cannot be Fusion Summoned at all, like Gyzarus or the Neospacian fusions, then they are properly summoned just by following their text)
Any effect that places token monsters on the field, is special summoning them.
No part of Winged Dragon of Ra's effect stops you from Special Summoning while you have him out on the field.
As long as you are Special Summoning before, or during the Battle Phase, then yes, that monster can attack.
All Ritual Summons are considered a Special Summon. However, not all Special Summons are considered a Ritual Summon. A Ritual Summon can only be performed with a Ritual Spell Card and a Ritual Monster. A Special Summon refers to any monster that is placed on the field in a way that is not a Normal Summon, Flip Summon, or Set. Also, Ritual Summons are never considered a Normal Summon.
Not unless the special summoning effect specifically says you can, like The Shallow Grave does.
Yes. Chamenleon only has a restriction against its Normal Summon. Goblindbergh, Tin Goldfish and Monster Reborn all Special Summon.
A normal summon is where you just summon a monster and NOT use its effect or ability, just its ATK and DEF. A special summon is where you summon a card and use its effect or ability. You can only special summon a card if you have another card saying that you can special summon a card, you cannot just going around special summoning every monster.
A special summon is any summon that doesn't count as a normal summon, so you can special summon as many monsters as you wish per turn. But someone can't just special summon a monster by themselves. In order to special summon a monster, there must be a card that lets you do so. For example, the card Call of the Haunted lets you special summon a monster from your graveyard. Or, a monster that lets you special summon it in some way is a special summon. Most monsters that let you special summon it have you need to have destroy or remove from play cards. For example, a monster that needs you to remove from play cards is Dark Necrofear. Dark Necrofear can only be special summoned by removing three Fiend-type monsters from your graveyard. Or, there are monsters that can be special summoned when a condition is met. For example, Tragoedia can be special summoned when you take damage. Or, there are monsters that let you special summon monsters from your deck. An example is UFO Turtle. UFO Turtle can special summon any FIRE-attribute monster from your deck with 1500 ATK or less when it is destroyed by battle. Also, Fusion Summoning, Ritual Summoning, and Synchro Summoning all count as Special Summoning.
If the summoning conditions it can be Monster Reborned from the Grave Yard.
Synchro Summoning is the process of Special Summoning a Synchro Monster from your Extra Deck onto your side of the field by utilizing a Tuner Monster and various non-Tuner Monsters whose combined Levels must match the Level of the Synchro Monster. For more information on Synchro Summoning and the process of it, click on the "Related Link" below.
Tribute is only needed for the monster's Normal Summon or Set (or Special Summon in special cases). Flip Summoning does not require any tribute at all, regardless of what monster it is.
Yes of course. Special summoning never affects what can attack or not, unless specifically stated otherwise. You could normal summon and special summon a monster in main phase 1 and attack with both.
Whichever you want. You are not forced to do them in a particular order.
Unless specifically stated otherwise, a monster's summoning requirements are for when it is in your hand. Plaguespreader Zombie is an example of a monster that can be special summoned by its own effect while it is in a different zone (graveyard in this case). Red-Eyes Darkness Metal Dragon has no such text, so the listed special summoning method can only be used while it is in hand.