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As a physicist at the University of Manchester, Ernest Rutherford studied alpha particle radiation, among other things.

Rutherford is credited with being the first scientist to "split the atom" in 1917 in a nuclear reaction between nitrogen and alpha particles.

14N + α → 17O + proton

Rutherford noticed that when an alpha emitter decayed in the presence of air, there was unidentified radiation that resulted. He investigated this and demonstrated that the alpha emitted when striking nitrogen would produce oxygen and hydrogen.
This was the first demonstration of changing one type of nucleus (element) into another through radiation.

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Q: How did Ernest Rutherford first split the atom?
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