Stokes lines in Raman spectra refer to the wavelengths of light that are scattered by a sample with an increase in energy, corresponding to the transition of molecules from a lower vibrational state to a higher one. This results in a longer wavelength (lower energy) compared to the incident light. Stokes lines are essential for identifying molecular vibrations and chemical compositions in materials through Raman spectroscopy. They are typically observed alongside anti-Stokes lines, which represent scattering events that result in a decrease in energy.
Who was tenali raman
cute volentery raman
Dilli Raman Regmi was born in 1914.
Anthony Stokes's birth name is Anthony DeSean Stokes.
Christopher Monroe Stokes's birth name is Christopher Monroe Stokes.
Anti-Stokes line is much less intense than the Stokes line. This occurs because only molecules that are vibrationally excited prior to irradiation can give rise to the anti-Stokes line. Hence, in Raman spectroscopy, only the more intense Stokes line is normally measured.
The formula is: Wavelength of Stokes line = Wavelength of laser / (1 - wavenumber of Raman shift) Wavelength of anti-Stokes line = Wavelength of laser / (1 + wavenumber of Raman shift) Here, the wavenumber of the Raman shift is represented in reciprocal centimeters.
In physics, Stokes lines and anti-Stokes lines are lines on a Raman spectrum that correspond to low and high energy shifts, respectively, due to inelastic scattering of light. Stokes lines occur at lower frequencies than the incident light, while anti-Stokes lines occur at higher frequencies than the incident light. These shifts provide information about the vibrational modes in a molecule.
Wenxin Ke has written: 'Superconducting and kinetics of freezing of benzene clusters as studied by coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy' -- subject(s): Benzene, Supercooling, Spectra
It depends what you are looking for. There are online databases of Raman spectra for minerals, for example, e.g. https://www.fis.unipr.it/phevix/ramandb.php For characteristic functional groups/molecules and their peaks, it is better to consult a textbook of Raman Spectra, within which you can find tables of peak assignments - take a visit to the library!
Line Spectra was created in 2006.
Stokes Bay Line was created in 1863.
Yes, Raman spectroscopy can be performed on metals and alloys to provide information about their molecular vibrations, crystalline structure, and chemical composition. However, since metals and alloys exhibit strong fluorescence and may not produce strong Raman signals, specialized techniques and equipment may be required to overcome these challenges.
Polarized Raman spectra refer to Raman scattering measurements where the incident and scattered light are polarized along specific directions. By using different polarization configurations, researchers can gather additional information about the orientation and symmetry of molecular vibrations in the sample. This technique is useful for studying anisotropic materials and understanding molecular structure and orientation.
Several variations of Raman spectroscopy have been developed.· Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)· Resonance Raman spectroscopy· Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Spectroscopy (SERRS)· Angle Resolved Raman Spectroscopy· Hyper Raman· Spontaneous Raman Spectroscopy (SRS)· Optical Tweezers Raman Spectroscopy (OTRS)· Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy· Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS)· Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS)· Raman optical activity (ROA)· Transmission Raman· Inverse Raman spectroscopy.· Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TERS)· Surface plasmon polaritons enhanced Raman scattering (SPPERS)
Raman is used a lot as it is not sensitive to atmospheric water and CO2 usually won't stand out on the spectra. Its also useful in most settings as there is no sample prep needed, which is quite a difference to somthing like IR spectra which need nujol mulls or KBr plates. In comparison to IR the bands of the spectra are usually smaller and sampling is non-destructive. In an industrial setting raman can be used with fiber optic cables to remotely monitor reactions and product formation.
Kirk W. Brown has written: 'Coherent raman spectroscopy of non-polar molecules and molecular clusters' -- subject(s): Carbon dioxide, Raman spectroscopy, Spectra