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Francis William Aston faced several challenges in his research, primarily related to the limitations of the technology available at the time. His work on mass spectrometry required precise measurements, which were hindered by the sensitivity of instruments and the difficulty in obtaining high-quality vacuum conditions. Additionally, the complexity of isolating and identifying isotopes posed a significant hurdle, as did the need for meticulous calibration to ensure accurate results. Despite these challenges, Aston's persistence led to groundbreaking discoveries in atomic structure and isotopes.
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