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In compliance testing you check the design, implementation and operations of controls and substantive testing you actually verify the accuracy of the transactions e.g. test samples

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Maxall company audit results?

Meaning of Substantive Audit and the approach applied in EM's Audit of Maxall.What do you think the auditors meant by the term "Substantive Audit"? Was the substantive approach appropriately applied in EM's audit of Maxall?Here the term substantive Audit refers to the test of account balances with respect to the transactions relating to it.Yes the substantive approach was appropriately applied in this audit which was confined to Accounts Receivables, in relation to sales.Comparison of Audit Procedures that are in accordance with Generally Accepted Auditing Standards.Identify and discuss specific audit process/procedures that the auditor(s) performed that were in accordance with Generally Accepted Auditing Standards.We have got three types of tests performed under substantive audits, as per the Generally Accepted Auditing Standards, namely(I) Test of Transactions,(II) Test of balances(III) Analytical review procedures.(I) Test of transaction: It is an auditing procedure related to examining specified transactions and supporting documentation. It is part of the testing process used by the auditor to check internal-controls reliability. It is undertaken to gather evidence so that an audit opinion can be rendered as to the fairness of financial statement presentation. Included in such a test is verifying transaction amounts and tracing transactions to accounts in the financial statements.Here this test was confined to Accounts receivable, sales and inventory.(II) Test of Balances When EM compares the book balance of cash to the book balance, it is a test of balances. This is the step in which the Auditor seeks to obtain sufficient evidence to make a final judgment on the extent of losses or account misstatements that have occurred or might occur.Here, in this audit, the CPA's obtained evidence relating to the Accounts receivables with respect to the sales made during the year. They found out that 6 invoices made at the year end and confirmed those with the concerned customers.(III) Analytical review is an auditing process that tests relationships among accounts and identifies material changes. It involves analyzing significant ratios and trends for unusual changes and questionable items. Included in the analytical review process are: (1) reading important documents and analyzing their accounting and financial effects; (2) reviewing the activity in an account between interim and year-end, especially noting entries out of the ordinary; and (3) comparing current period account balances to prior periods as well as to budgeted amounts, noting reasonableness of account balances by evaluating logical relationships among them (i.e., relating payables to expenses, accounts receivable to sales).Only a part of Analytical review was made by EM for this company. They made certain adjustments relating to sales and Provision for doubtful debts.Identification of Audit Errors made by EM and Precautionary measures to be taken.Identify the specific audit errors made by EM and discuss what the auditorshould have done to avoid the errors.Inherent risk is the susceptibility of EM audit area to error which could be material, individually or in combination with other errors, as there were no related internal controls. Here we can see a possible error relating to Material. The material level was fixed at $35000 for 20x1 and $50000 for 20x2 which was not substantiated. There is no proper evidence to set these levels for the Material. As per the CPA standards the Material Level should beUnder single Rule5% of pre-tax income0.5% of total assets1% of equity0.5% of total revenuesOrUnder Variable rule2 to 5% of gross profit, if less than $20,0001 to 2% of gross profit, if between $20,000 and $1 million0.5 to 1% of gross profit, if between $1 and $100 million0.5% of gross profit, if more than $100 million.These rules have not been followed here.Comparison of audit in compliance with latest professional guidance.The scope of a forensic audit is to fix blame or answer a question. A forensic audit seeks proof, not reasonable assurance. Here the auditors have conducted a normal audit. When they found out the sales made in late December 20x1 and 20x2 to Balco limited, was given 90 to 120 days credit limit, they should have enquired into the reasons behind it and should have gathered enough evidence for evaluating the credibility of the customer. But they accepted the Mary Maxwell assurance for this customer. This evidence clearly shows that this audit was not conducted entirely in compliance with the professional guidance regarding the forensic-type phase of audit.


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The two pieces of legislation that have probably had the greatest effect on internal audit are the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, which changed the reporting relationships and authority of internal audit and Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 which requires certain tests be performed on publicly traded companies. Both have changed the function of internal audit. Many other pieces of legislation also affect internal audit, some are industry specific some are more broad based.


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What is the relationship between audit risk and test of controls and substantive test?

Test of account balances to verify the correctness of the amounts. The three forms of substantive tests are: (1) tests of transactions (which are often conducted concurrently with compliance tests); (2) tests of balances; and (3) analytical review procedures.Tests of transactions and balances gather evidence of the validity of the accounting treatment of transactions and balances. They are designed to identify errors and irregularities. Statistical sampling may be used in determining the accuracy of financial statement numbers.Tests of transactions may be conducted continually throughout the audit year or at or close to the balance sheet date. When the CPA traces a sales invoice from the journal to the ledger for correctness, it is called a transaction test. When the CPA compares the book balance of cash to the book balance, it is a test of balances. This test is done near or at the year-end reporting date. Another substantive test is calculating interest expense on corporate debt and verifying the amount in the financial records. analyticalreviewprocedures involve examining the reasonableness of relationships in financial statement items and uncovering variations from trends. The procedures may be applied to overall financial information, financial data of segments, and individual elements. If relationships appear reasonable, evidence corroborating the account balance exists.hope you get ur answer :)M.Salman Pasha


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Maxall company audit solution?

Meaning of Substantive Audit and the approach applied in EM's Audit of Maxall.What do you think the auditors meant by the term "Substantive Audit"? Was the substantive approach appropriately applied in EM's audit of Maxall?Here the term substantive Audit refers to the test of account balances with respect to the transactions relating to it.Yes the substantive approach was appropriately applied in this audit which was confined to Accounts Receivables, in relation to sales.Comparison of Audit Procedures that are in accordance with Generally Accepted Auditing Standards.Identify and discuss specific audit process/procedures that the auditor(s) performed that were in accordance with Generally Accepted Auditing Standards.We have got three types of tests performed under substantive audits, as per the Generally Accepted Auditing Standards, namely(I) Test of Transactions,(II) Test of balances(III) Analytical review procedures.(I) Test of transaction: It is an auditing procedure related to examining specified transactions and supporting documentation. It is part of the testing process used by the auditor to check internal-controls reliability. It is undertaken to gather evidence so that an audit opinion can be rendered as to the fairness of financial statement presentation. Included in such a test is verifying transaction amounts and tracing transactions to accounts in the financial statements.Here this test was confined to Accounts receivable, sales and inventory.(II) Test of Balances When EM compares the book balance of cash to the book balance, it is a test of balances. This is the step in which the Auditor seeks to obtain sufficient evidence to make a final judgment on the extent of losses or account misstatements that have occurred or might occur.Here, in this audit, the CPA's obtained evidence relating to the Accounts receivables with respect to the sales made during the year. They found out that 6 invoices made at the year end and confirmed those with the concerned customers.(III) Analytical review is an auditing process that tests relationships among accounts and identifies material changes. It involves analyzing significant ratios and trends for unusual changes and questionable items. Included in the analytical review process are: (1) reading important documents and analyzing their accounting and financial effects; (2) reviewing the activity in an account between interim and year-end, especially noting entries out of the ordinary; and (3) comparing current period account balances to prior periods as well as to budgeted amounts, noting reasonableness of account balances by evaluating logical relationships among them (i.e., relating payables to expenses, accounts receivable to sales).Only a part of Analytical review was made by EM for this company. They made certain adjustments relating to sales and Provision for doubtful debts.Identification of Audit Errors made by EM and Precautionary measures to be taken.Identify the specific audit errors made by EM and discuss what the auditorshould have done to avoid the errors.Inherent risk is the susceptibility of EM audit area to error which could be material, individually or in combination with other errors, as there were no related internal controls. Here we can see a possible error relating to Material. The material level was fixed at $35000 for 20x1 and $50000 for 20x2 which was not substantiated. There is no proper evidence to set these levels for the Material. As per the CPA standards the Material Level should beUnder single Rule5% of pre-tax income0.5% of total assets1% of equity0.5% of total revenuesOrUnder Variable rule2 to 5% of gross profit, if less than $20,0001 to 2% of gross profit, if between $20,000 and $1 million0.5 to 1% of gross profit, if between $1 and $100 million0.5% of gross profit, if more than $100 million.These rules have not been followed here.Comparison of audit in compliance with latest professional guidance.The scope of a forensic audit is to fix blame or answer a question. A forensic audit seeks proof, not reasonable assurance. Here the auditors have conducted a normal audit. When they found out the sales made in late December 20x1 and 20x2 to Balco limited, was given 90 to 120 days credit limit, they should have enquired into the reasons behind it and should have gathered enough evidence for evaluating the credibility of the customer. But they accepted the Mary Maxwell assurance for this customer. This evidence clearly shows that this audit was not conducted entirely in compliance with the professional guidance regarding the forensic-type phase of audit.


Maxall company audit results?

Meaning of Substantive Audit and the approach applied in EM's Audit of Maxall.What do you think the auditors meant by the term "Substantive Audit"? Was the substantive approach appropriately applied in EM's audit of Maxall?Here the term substantive Audit refers to the test of account balances with respect to the transactions relating to it.Yes the substantive approach was appropriately applied in this audit which was confined to Accounts Receivables, in relation to sales.Comparison of Audit Procedures that are in accordance with Generally Accepted Auditing Standards.Identify and discuss specific audit process/procedures that the auditor(s) performed that were in accordance with Generally Accepted Auditing Standards.We have got three types of tests performed under substantive audits, as per the Generally Accepted Auditing Standards, namely(I) Test of Transactions,(II) Test of balances(III) Analytical review procedures.(I) Test of transaction: It is an auditing procedure related to examining specified transactions and supporting documentation. It is part of the testing process used by the auditor to check internal-controls reliability. It is undertaken to gather evidence so that an audit opinion can be rendered as to the fairness of financial statement presentation. Included in such a test is verifying transaction amounts and tracing transactions to accounts in the financial statements.Here this test was confined to Accounts receivable, sales and inventory.(II) Test of Balances When EM compares the book balance of cash to the book balance, it is a test of balances. This is the step in which the Auditor seeks to obtain sufficient evidence to make a final judgment on the extent of losses or account misstatements that have occurred or might occur.Here, in this audit, the CPA's obtained evidence relating to the Accounts receivables with respect to the sales made during the year. They found out that 6 invoices made at the year end and confirmed those with the concerned customers.(III) Analytical review is an auditing process that tests relationships among accounts and identifies material changes. It involves analyzing significant ratios and trends for unusual changes and questionable items. Included in the analytical review process are: (1) reading important documents and analyzing their accounting and financial effects; (2) reviewing the activity in an account between interim and year-end, especially noting entries out of the ordinary; and (3) comparing current period account balances to prior periods as well as to budgeted amounts, noting reasonableness of account balances by evaluating logical relationships among them (i.e., relating payables to expenses, accounts receivable to sales).Only a part of Analytical review was made by EM for this company. They made certain adjustments relating to sales and Provision for doubtful debts.Identification of Audit Errors made by EM and Precautionary measures to be taken.Identify the specific audit errors made by EM and discuss what the auditorshould have done to avoid the errors.Inherent risk is the susceptibility of EM audit area to error which could be material, individually or in combination with other errors, as there were no related internal controls. Here we can see a possible error relating to Material. The material level was fixed at $35000 for 20x1 and $50000 for 20x2 which was not substantiated. There is no proper evidence to set these levels for the Material. As per the CPA standards the Material Level should beUnder single Rule5% of pre-tax income0.5% of total assets1% of equity0.5% of total revenuesOrUnder Variable rule2 to 5% of gross profit, if less than $20,0001 to 2% of gross profit, if between $20,000 and $1 million0.5 to 1% of gross profit, if between $1 and $100 million0.5% of gross profit, if more than $100 million.These rules have not been followed here.Comparison of audit in compliance with latest professional guidance.The scope of a forensic audit is to fix blame or answer a question. A forensic audit seeks proof, not reasonable assurance. Here the auditors have conducted a normal audit. When they found out the sales made in late December 20x1 and 20x2 to Balco limited, was given 90 to 120 days credit limit, they should have enquired into the reasons behind it and should have gathered enough evidence for evaluating the credibility of the customer. But they accepted the Mary Maxwell assurance for this customer. This evidence clearly shows that this audit was not conducted entirely in compliance with the professional guidance regarding the forensic-type phase of audit.