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What is the difference between proximate and ultimate analysis?

Proximate analysis determines the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon content of a substance, while ultimate analysis determines the elemental composition (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen) of a substance. Proximate analysis provides information on the physical and chemical properties, while ultimate analysis provides information on the elemental composition.


How do you convert proximate analysis of coal to ultimate analysis?

To convert proximate analysis of coal to ultimate analysis, use the Dulong formula as follows: Carbon = 0.75*(fixed carbon + [volatile matter/100]); Hydrogen = 0.06volatile matter; Oxygen = [moisture/100] + 0.3sulfur - carbon - hydrogen; Nitrogen = volatile matter/100 * 0.01. This formula estimates the ultimate analysis (C, H, O, N) from the proximate analysis (moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon, ash).


What is proximate and ultimate analysis of food?

Proximate analysis of food refers to the determination of its major components, such as moisture, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrates, providing a snapshot of the nutritional content. Ultimate analysis, on the other hand, examines the elemental composition of food, identifying the specific amounts of elements like carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. Together, these analyses help in understanding both the nutritional value and the chemical makeup of food products.


What is proximate and ultimate analysis of oil?

Proximate analysis of oil provides information on its moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash content, helping determine its heating value and combustion characteristics. Ultimate analysis of oil gives the elemental composition in terms of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen content, offering insights into its chemical composition and potential environmental impacts when burned.


What is the opposite of ultimate?

It is proximate.


What is proximate and ultimate analysis of coal?

The "ultimate" analysis" gives the composition of the biomass in wt% of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (the major components) as well as sulfur and nitrogen (if any). The carbon determination includes that present in the organic coal substance and any originally present as mineral carbonate. The hydrogen determination includes that in the organic materials in coal and in all water associated with the coal. All nitrogen determined is assumed to be part of the organic materials in coal. The "proximate" analysis gives moisture content, volatile content,consisting of gases and vapors driven off during pyrolysis (when heated to 950 C), the fixed carbon and the ash,the inorganic residue remaining after combustion in the sample and the high heating value (HHV) based on the complete combustion of the sample to carbon dioxide and liquid water. Proximate analysis is the most often used analysis for characterizing coals in connection with their utilization.


Distinguish between proximate and ultimate question about behavior?

Proximate questions focus on the immediate causes and mechanisms of behavior, such as genetic, physiological, or environmental influences. Ultimate questions, on the other hand, are concerned with the evolutionary reasons behind behavior, such as how it has contributed to reproductive success or survival over time.


Explain the difference between proximate and ultimate causes?

Proximate causes refer to immediate triggers or mechanisms that directly lead to a particular outcome. Ultimate causes, on the other hand, delve deeper into the evolutionary or historical reasons behind why a trait or behavior exists. Ultimate causes are about understanding the broader context and long-term implications, while proximate causes focus more on the immediate factors at play.


What is proximate hypothesis?

The proximate hypothesis refers to explanations that focus on the immediate, underlying mechanisms or causes of a phenomenon. In biological contexts, it often addresses how behaviors, traits, or processes occur based on genetic, physiological, and environmental factors. This contrasts with ultimate hypotheses, which seek to explain the evolutionary reasons behind a trait or behavior. Essentially, proximate hypotheses answer "how" something happens, while ultimate hypotheses address "why" it has evolved.


All elemental hero card cheats for Yugioh ultimate masters?

energy


What is a proximate cause or factor?

Every behavior is due to some kind of external stimulus that triggers the behavior. This behavior emerges due to the fact that it has proven to increase fitness. The evolutionary cause behind the behavior, however, is called the ultimate cause. The proximate cause is what is immediately observed as causing the behavior. For example, birds will reproduce only at a certain time (behavior). This can be attributed to the declining sunlight received by the bird's photoreceptors (proximate cause). Or when movement is detected with the photoreceptors (proximate cause), and the reciprocated behavior in most animals is the flinch reaction (behavior).


Difference between fixed carbon and carbon in ultimate analysis?

There will be difference in value of fixed carbon and carbon in ultimate analysis as some carbon is lost in hydrocarbons in volatile matter. Fixed carbon is arrived by substracting the volatile matter. Utimate analysis ditermines the total carbon content which includes the carbon present in volatile matter. Fixed carbon is useful to know how much coke can be generated out of coking coal.