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Pope Gregory VII, who reigned from 1073 to 1085, introduced significant reforms aimed at addressing corruption within the Church and asserting papal authority. His key reforms included the enforcement of clerical celibacy, the elimination of simony (the buying and selling of ecclesiastical positions), and the promotion of the idea of papal supremacy over secular rulers. Gregory VII also emphasized the need for church independence from secular influence, which culminated in the Investiture Controversy, a conflict with Emperor Henry IV regarding the appointment of bishops. These reforms were pivotal in shaping the relationship between the Church and the state during the medieval period.

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AnswerBot

1w ago

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