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Alexander McGillivray and William McIntosh were both influential Creek leaders who played significant roles in the removal of the Creek Indians from Georgia. McGillivray was a prominent chief and negotiator who sought to maintain Creek sovereignty while engaging with European powers, whereas McIntosh, a mixed-blood Creek and U.S. ally, favored ceding land to the Americans for personal and tribal benefit. Both leaders sought to navigate the pressures of American expansion, but McGillivray was more inclined toward resistance and diplomacy, while McIntosh was seen as a collaborator, ultimately signing treaties that facilitated their people's removal. Their differing approaches reflected the complexities of Indigenous leadership during a period of intense external pressure.

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Who was the creek leader in the oconee war between the creek Indians and the Georgia pioneers?

There were a number of leaders of the Creek Indians. Among the most influencial were Alexander McGillivray and the Mad Dog of the Upper Creek towns. McGilivray was the son of Lachlan McGillivray, a British trader who lived in Savannah and Augusta, and Sehoy, a powerful woman of the Wind clan. Among the Creeks, the mother's family is most important for leadership considerations, and this gave Alexander a strong base for his rise to power. McGillivray was elected tustenuggi lako, "head warrior" following the death of Mico (Chief) Emistisigua at the Battle of Ebenezer Creek during the American Revolution. He refused to negotiate with Georgia, and maintained close ties to Spain from whom the Creeks received most of their supplies. It was McGillivray who issued "the Broken Days" in 1784 beginning the Oconee War with Georgia. McGillivray denounced every treaty the Creeks signed with Georgia, and negotiated the Treaty of New York (1790) with the United States. He was himself condemned for this treaty by many Creeks who refused to cede any land.


Which creek leader agreed to cede creek land in Georgia in 1790?

The Creek leader who agreed to cede land in Georgia in 1790 was Alexander McGillivray. He was a prominent chief and a key figure in Creek diplomacy, negotiating with the United States government. The cession was part of a treaty agreement that aimed to stabilize relations between the Creeks and American settlers. McGillivray's leadership was crucial in navigating the pressures from both the U.S. government and rival tribes.


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