What was the mir system?

Answer 1

The mir system was a form of communal land ownership and management in Russia, particularly during the Tsarist period and into the early Soviet era. It involved peasant communities called "mir," where land was collectively owned and cultivated, and decisions were made by communal assemblies. This system aimed to ensure equitable distribution of land among peasants, but it often led to inefficiencies and conflicts over land use. The mir system was eventually dismantled in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as part of agrarian reforms and the push for individual land ownership.