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Miles Sindercombe died in 1657.

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Q: When did Miles Sindercombe die?
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Who was Sindercombe and how was he associated with Oliver Cromwell?

Miles Sindercombe was a Parliamentarian army field-surgeon who became disillusioned with Oliver Cromwell's Commonwealth and tried to organise a number of assassination attempts against him in the 1650s. Sindercombe was a member of a Socialist organisation called The Levellers. Essentially they were early Marxists, who believed that there should be complete equality of wealth and a socialist form of government. This was the ideal of many people at the outbreak of the English Civil War, but Cromwell himself (and his inner circle) thought that such ideas were too extreme. All Cromwell wished to do was to subjugate the authority of the monarchy to the authority of Parliament, and to uphold Puritan religious ideals- he wasn't what you'd call a 'Leftie' in the true sense of the word, being quite happy with the idea of a Constitutional monarchy and by no means supporting the idea of a completely egalitarian society (although he did do much to allieviate poverty). Miles Sindercombe's regiment were made up mostly of Levellers, and attempted to lead a rebellion soon after King Charles 1st's execution in 1649, but this failed, as did a later similar attempt in Scotland in 1655. Sindercombe then fled to Holland, where he met up with fellow Leveller John Sexby. Believeing that Cromwell had betrayed the ideals of a truly equal, Puritan England, the pair began plotting to assassinate him. Returning to England the following year they assembled a group of co-conspirators around them, including renegade soldier John Cecil, a petty criminal named William Boyes, and John Toope, who was in the Life-Guards. Toope was extremely important to their plans, as he could provide inside knowledge about Cromwell's movements and whereabouts. Four attempts to shoot Cromwell were made over the following year, but each one failed for various reasons. Sindercombe then changed tactics and planted a large bomb in the chapel of Whitehall Palace, which was Cromwell's official residence, in January 1657. However, by then John Toope had changed his mind about the plan and turned informer to the authorities, enabling them to disarm the bomb- John Thurloe, Cromwell's spymaster, was by now aware of the plot and had Sindercombe and Cecil arrested (Boyes escaped). In attempt to save his skin, Cecil told all about the plot, including of John Sexby's involvement in it. Sindercombe was charged with High Treason, with both Toope and Cecil giving evidence against him at his trial, and sentenced to death. Not wishing to face the humiliation of execution, Sindercombe killed himself by poison in the Tower of London on 13th January 1657. Sexby managed to flee back to The Netherlands, where he attempted to hatch a new conspiracy and was arrested upon returning to England in the July of '57. Although he was persuaded to admit that he was planning to kill Cromwell, and had indeed published a pamphlet about it, he was not actually sentenced to death, merely imprisoned in the Tower. Here he developed a fever, became insane, and died on 13th January 1658- the same year that Cromwell himself died and was succeeded by his son, Thomas.


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