The party of dwarves had fought their way out of the spider's part of the forest. Once they settled down for a rest, they realized that Thorin was gone. He had been taken by the elves before the spiders caught the others.
They were captured several times, by the trolls, orcs, and Mirkwood spiders, respectively. But they were taken prisoner and kept in the dungeons by the Elves of Mirkwood (which is probably the instance you mean).
They were about to go into battle, and men and elves are bothered by the cold much more than Hobbits or dwarves.
The battle was just starting when the orcs showed up. They were the common foe of all and the elves, dwarves, and men fought against them instead of each other.
The battle of five armies comes after Smaug's death, after Thorin's 'dragon greed' almost starts a war against the elves and the men of Laketown.
The party of dwarves had fought their way out of the spider's part of the forest. Once they settled down for a rest, they realized that Thorin was gone. He had been taken by the elves before the spiders caught the others.
Dain is Thorin's cousin, a Dwarf from the Iron Hills. Thorin sends a raven to summon Dain and his army to help defend the treasure under the Lonely Mountain from the men and elves after Smaug is slain. Dain and Thorin join forces with the men and elves to defeat the evil creatures. He is crowned King under the Mountain after Thorin dies in the Battle of Five Armies.
The reason why Thorin didn't want the elvenking to know about their quest is because the wood-land elves are selfish and love gold, the dwarves are trying to get their gold back, but if the elves find out, they will want to help them, but get some of their treasure!
When addressing the elves and men that came to the gate, Thorin refers to himself more than once as " I am Thorin son of Thrain son of Thror King under the mountain"
They were captured several times, by the trolls, orcs, and Mirkwood spiders, respectively. But they were taken prisoner and kept in the dungeons by the Elves of Mirkwood (which is probably the instance you mean).
Thorin chooses to fortify his postition and await Dain's arrival. He is ready to do battle with the elves and men.
The Elven-king, Thranduil, who ruled the Woodland Elves (Northern part of Mirkwood Forest) put Thorin and Company in prinson. Elves and Dwarves have distrusted each other ever since the First Age (The Hobbit is set toward the end of the Third Age), so Thranduil was not kindly disposed toward Thorin's Company. Thorin further angered Thranduil by refusing to tell him either his name or his business, because Thorin didn't trust Thranduil either.
They were about to go into battle, and men and elves are bothered by the cold much more than Hobbits or dwarves.
He was the first one to step out into the open, into the elves' light, and so the magic hit him hardest, and he fell dazed to the ground. The wood elves carried him off with them when they ran away, but the other dwarves and Bilbo were left behind.
well
No, he did not say anything. He did not want to give away the mission to win back the Lonely Mountain.
There was not always animosity between the Elves and the Dwarves. Dwarves made the best armour and the elves often traded and bought and sold. The entrance was the primary access point for their dealings, and was placed their mostly for the purpose of the elves. The elves of Eregion were great craftsmen, and they traded and worked with the dwarves of Moria, and there was great friendship. This ended when Sauron revealed himself, slew the elves' king, Celebrimbor, and the Gates of Moria were shut.