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Queen Elizabeth I lead England as a woman, in what was very much a man's world. In a speech to her troops at Tilbury she famously said:

"I know I have the body but of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a king of England too."

The "Elizabethan Age" was also known as the "Golden Age", because England's economy prospered and Elizabeth I's court became the centre for musicians, writer and scholars. Her reign witnessed widespread increase in literacy and great achievements in the arts - great poets and playwrights emerged during her era such as William Shakespeare, Edmund Spenser and Christopher Marlowe.

As well as encouraging the arts, a renaissance in scientific thinking was encouraged and important men such as Sir Francis Bacon and Dr John Dee came to prominence.

While Queen Elizabeth I established Protestantism as the country's religion, she adopted a moderate religious policy and did not persecute Catholics with conviction. The Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity (1559), the introduction of the Prayer Book of 1559, and the Thirty-Nine Articles (1563) were all Protestant in doctrine, but preserved many traditionally Catholic ceremonies.

The reign of Queen Elizabeth I also saw significant expansion overseas. Great explorers were encouraged such as Sir Francis Drake, Sir Walter Raleigh, Sir John Hawkins, Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Richard Greenville. She permitted establishment of the first English colony in North America, along with the creation of the British East India Company - the joint-stock company that would eventually colonise India.

Militarily she achieved recognition for England as a leading power in Europe. A major accomplishment was the defeat of the Spanish Armada of 1588 by the English fleet of 34 ships and 163 armed merchant vessels under Lord Howard of Effingham, Sir Francis Drake, and Sir John Hawkins. The English navy defeated further attempts at invasion in 1596 and 1597.

Her reign also saw several rebellions - the Irish "The Rising of the North" and the Essex rebellion - all of which she defeated.

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13y ago

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