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What are earths mechanical layers?
Lithosphere (apex)
Put the layers of earth in order starting at the outermost layer and going inward?
Moho barrier, mantle layer with more convection, mantle layer with less convention, core
What are facts about the layers of the earth?
(All depths are from the surface of the Earth.) 1. The Crust--The outer skin of the planet is composed of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rock. The crust is divided into continental or oceanic based on composition and formation. Continental Crust: Comprised predominately of rocks most resembling granite, the continental crust is relatively thick compared to the oceanic crust with a depth that ranges from 30 km to 50 km. The average specific gravity of continental crustal rock is 2.7. Oceanic Crust: At an average depth of 5 km to 10 km, the oceanic crust is thinner than the continental crust. Oceanic crustal rocks are composed mainly of the igneous rocks basalt, diabase, and gabbro, which are mafic in composition. The average specific gravity of oceanic crustal rock is 2.9. Lithosphere: See below. 2. The Mantle--The layer directly below the crust which is delineated from the crust by the Mohorovicic Discontinuity, where seismic waves increase in velocity. The division between the mantle and the crust is a chemical one, the rocks and constituent minerals being higher in magnesium and lower in silicon and aluminum than crustal rocks. The mantle comprises 84% of Earth's volume. The mantle can be further divided as follows: Upper Mantle:Lithosphere: The uppermost mantle consists of hard rock and is attached to the crust and comprises the lithosphere. The lithosphere is comprised of tectonic plates which 'float' independently of each other. The lithosphere contains more mantle than crust. Oceanic lithosphere ranges from 50 km to 100 km in thickness, and continental lithosphere ranges from 40 km to 200 km. Asthenosphere: Just below the lithosphere lies the asthenosphere, an area of highly viscous but solid rock. Its viscosity allow it to move slowly over time, which it does as it transfers heat to the lithosphere via convection currents. These convection currents are responsible for the movement of Earth's tectonic plates. The depth of the asthenosphere averages somewhere between 100 km and 200km with depths up to 410 km. Transition Zone: The depth of the transition zone is between 410 km and 660 km. The rock here is mostly peridotite, a coarse grained igneous rock, kept from melting by extremely high lithostatic temperatures. Temperatures in the transition zone range from 1400 degrees C to 1600 degrees C. The Lower Mantle: The depth of the lower mantle ranges from 670 km to 2798 km. Little is known about the lower mantle other than that seismic waves indicate it is fairly homogenous in lithology. D'': The D'' area of the mantle extends from 2798 km to 2900 km, which is the boundary between the mantle and the liquid outer core. At this level, the pressures are enormous, roughly equal to 1.4 million units of atmospheric pressure, and temperatures are over 4,000 degrees C. 3. The Outer Core: The outer core lies at a depth from 2900 km to 5150 km. It's composed of liquid iron and nickel along with small amounts of lighter elements, with temperatures ranging from 4,000 degrees C to 6,100 degrees C near the boundary with the inner core. 4. The Inner Core: From the boundary with the outer core to the center of the Earth, a distance of about 1220 km is the solid sphere of the inner core, a ball of incredibly hot iron-nickel alloy. Temperatures here reach between 5,000 and 7,000 degrees C, and pressures are calculated to be around 3,000,000 units of atmospheric pressure. Despite the high temperature, at these pressures the metals cannot remain molten. == == == == === === == ==
Describe the various layers of the earth?
1. The Crust--The outer skin of the planet is composed of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rock.2. The Mantle--The layer directly below the crust which is delineated from the crust by the Mohorovicic Discontinuity, where seismic waves increase in velocity. The division between the mantle and the crust is a chemical one, the rocks and constituent minerals being higher in magnesium and lower in silicon and aluminum than crustal rocks. The mantle comprises 84% of Earth's volume.3. The Outer Core--The outer core lies at a depth from 2900 km to 5150 km. It's composed of liquid iron and nickel along with small amounts of lighter elements, with temperatures ranging from 4,000 degrees C to 6,100 degrees C near the boundary with the inner core.4. The Inner Core--From the boundary with the outer core to the center of the Earth, a distance of about 1220 km is the solid sphere of the inner core, a ball of incredibly hot iron-nickel alloy. Temperatures here reach between 5,000 and 7,000 degrees C, and pressures are calculated to be around 3,000,000 units of atmospheric pressure. Despite the high temperature, at these pressures the metals cannot remain molten.
What is the range of the depth of the asthenosphere?
The asthenosphere is the lower portion of the Earth's mantle. Its temperature ranges from 1000 degrees Celsius to 2500 degrees Celsius.
What depth would you find mantle material but still be in the Lithosphere?
yes
What contains the lower mantle?
The mantle extends to the core-mantle interface at approximately 2900 km depth. Thus, the mantle contains the lower portion of the lithosphere, the asthenosphere, and the mesosphere. The crust is made of the upper portion of the lithosphere.
What two parts of the earths Mantle?
The two main parts of the Earth's mantle are the upper mantle and the lower mantle. The upper mantle sits below the Earth's crust and extends to a depth of about 410 miles, while the lower mantle extends from about 410 miles to 1,800 miles depth.
The Gutenberg Discontinuity is found beneath this layer of the lithosphere?
The Gutenberg Discontinuity is found beneath the Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho) in the lithosphere. It is located at a depth of about 70 km to 400 km below the Earth's surface. This boundary separates the upper mantle from the lower mantle.
What is another name for the upper part of the mantle?
The upper part of the mantle is also called the asthenosphere. This layer is partially molten and lies just beneath the lithosphere.
What is the outer shell of Earth that extends to a depth of 100km?
The outer shell of Earth that extends to a depth of 100km is known as the lithosphere. It consists of the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle and is divided into tectonic plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere below.
How many km is the Lithosphere?
The lithosphere is not measured in kilometers as it refers to the rigid outer layer of the Earth. It consists of the crust and a portion of the upper mantle, ranging in thickness from about 30 to 100 kilometers.
Where does Cooler older oceanic lithosphere sink?
Cooler and older oceanic lithosphere sinks into the mantle at subduction zones, where it descends beneath the overriding tectonic plate. This process occurs due to the higher density of the cold lithosphere compared to the underlying mantle, leading to its subduction and recycling back into the Earth's interior.
What is the depth below surface of lithosphere?
The depth below the Earth's surface of the lithosphere varies depending on location, but on average it extends to about 100 kilometers (62 miles) deep. This layer includes the crust and upper part of the mantle and is characterized by its rigidity and brittle behavior.
Where does the lithosphere located?
The lithosphere is the hard rocky outer shell of the Earth, composed of the crust and uppermost mantle, that extends from the surface to a depth of up to 200 km at its deepest point.
How hot is the mantle in Fahrenheit?
The mantle of the Earth can reach temperatures between 1,292°F to 7,652°F, depending on the depth and location within the mantle.
Which of earths layers is the coldest?
The coldest layer of the Earth is the lithosphere, which includes the Earth's crust and the upper part of the mantle. Temperatures in the lithosphere increase with depth, but it is still the coldest layer compared to the inner core, outer core, and lower mantle.
