dark-line spectrum...
The atomic line spectrum comes from the emission of atoms of different elements that are in an excited state. Each element has its own unique atomic emission spectrum.
Each chemical element has a different spectrum; and each color has a specific wavelength.
A spectroscope behaves in a similar manner to that of a prism.Except that instead of the light passing through a prism, it is reflected from a special surface called an optical grating. Or a diffraction grating.A diffraction grating has a multitude of fine lines drawn across it to produce a saw-tooth pattern. One face of the saw tooth pattern is silvered so it reflects light.(This is the pattern you see on one side of a CD.)The lines may be as finely spaced 5000 lines/mm.These reflection gratings (there can be transmission ones as well ) split the light beam into all its component colours.So if the light from a remote star (well they are mostly remote aren't they?) can be split up by the grating, and analysed for the spectral lines of particular elements. Beats travelling there!The 'rainbow' pattern you see on a CD will show this effect for similar reasons.If you angle the light from a fluorescent light on your CD, you'll find that it is NOT a continuous rainbow spectrum. It will have a green area, and a red area, etc, but with fairly sharp boundaries between the colours.These are the colours given off by the phosphors in the tube. If you try a tube with a different colour, you'll see a different pattern. And if you try some different CDs, you'll also see different patterns.
Continuous means without interruption. For example, a continuous longitudinal study collects data from subjects over their full lifespan without breaks. Another example is a 'continuous line' is solid, while a 'dashed line' is a series of short lines.
when a light ray is thrown on a PLANE surface two things occur which cause light to reflect 1- the incident ray is equal to the reflected ray 1- the incident ray , the reflected ray and the normal, at the point of incidence, all lie at the same plane
Discontinuous Spectra, Fraunhofer lines
It differs by that white light spectrum is continuous and consists of light of all wavelengths. Emission spectrum is not continuous. It consists of bright lines at specific wavelengths, with complete darkness between them.
There are no bright lines and no dark lines in the spectrum, incandescent light has a continuous spectrum with all visible colors present
In a continuous spectrum, you see every color in visible light from wavelengths around 380 nm to 780 nm. The bright light spectrum has only light at specific wavelengths, forming narrow regions of lights. This is characteristic of a particular substance, emitting these lights from its unique electron configuration. Light at specific wavelengths is emitted for different substances, but not a continuous rainbow.
A continous spectrum hasn't discrete gaps between lines.
Emission spectra are bright-line spectra, absorption spectra are dark-line spectra. That is: an emission spectrum is a series of bright lines on a dark background. An absorption spectrum is a series of dark lines on a normal spectrum (rainbow) background.
wavelengths of absorbed or emitted photons
The dark lines are absorption spectrum, the energy absorbed by Atoms in the atmosphere of the star. ================================ Fraunhofer's spectral lines.
Emission spectrum: lines emitted from an atom.Absorption spectrum: absorbed wavelengths of a molecule.
The lines in a spectroscope tell what element(s) are being observed. The continuous color are background noise or put there for a reference.
The sun produces a (nearly) continuous spectrum (gaseous elements in the Sun's atmosphere absorb certain frequencies, making it not quite truly continuous) because it's emitting light due mainly to its temperature. This kind of radiation is called "black body" or "cavity" radiation, and it's a continuous spectrum. Fluorescent lights produce light by a phenomenon known as (hold on for the shocking revelation) fluorescence. This kind of radiation is related to transitions between specific electron energy levels, and therefore consists of discrete lines. In old or cheap fluorescent tubes, there might be only a couple of lines. Most modern ones use a mixture of phosphors that emit light at different frequencies, so you might see half a dozen or more lines in the spectrum.
When white light from mercury vapour lamp is passed through sodium vapour then we have as outcome a continuous spectrum of colours with two black lines in the yellow-orange region. These two lines stand for the absorption of 5890 A and 5896 A lines of sodium atom Another example is Fraunhofer lines seen in the continuous spectrum got from sun. These lines are due to absorption of characteristic frequencies of metals present in the chromosphere of the sun