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1. Production of more individuals than the environment can support will lead to a struggle among the individuals in a population resulting in the survival of a few.

2. Survival of the individuals will depend on inherited traits that will enhance their survival and reproduction. Those with traits that increase the probability of surviving will have a higher rate of survival and are likely to have more offspring than those who are less fit.

3. The ability of individuals to adapt to the environment will lead to a gradual change of the population retaining characteristics that accrue over generations

source: Biology by Campbell and Reece

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