Details about different methods of separation of components of a mixture?

Answer 1

Fitrate.

Decantation-Decantation is a very quick method for separating a mixture of a liquid and a heavier solid.

Filtration-This is a method which is the most especially effective for separating suspensions, for example mud in water. We pour the mixture into a funnel fitted with a piece of filter paper. There are tiny holes in the filter paper for the liquid to pass through, the solid particles are too large to do so, therefore the solid particles will stay on the paper as what we called a solid residue. We called the liquid which pass through the FILTRATE.

Centrifugation-Centrifugation is used when we want to separate small amounts of suspension. The suspension of solid in liquid is poured into a centrifuge tube, then spin around very fast in a centrifuge. The spinning motion forces the solid to the bottom of the tube. Then the liquid can be poured off from the solid.

Evaporation-We cannot separate a mixture which is a solution using filtration or centrifugation. Since it is spread all through the solvent in tiny particles. The solution is heated so that the solvent evaporates, and just leave the solid behind.

Crystallization -It is a process of forming crystals. It is also a method for separating dissolved solids from a solution.

Distillation -When a solution of solid in liquid is heated, the liquid will evaporates. The hot vapor that formed can de condensed back to liquid again on a cold surface. We called this method DISTILLATION. Distillation is used for separating a solvent from a solution. We called the liquid collected a distillate.

Separating Funnel -Immiscible liquids,such as oil and water can be separated by using a separating funnel. The mixture is put into a separating funnel, shaken and allowed to settle. The oil and water from two separate layer. The liquid with higher density, in this case water forms the lower layer. Remove the stopper and open the tap after standing. The water runs out through the tap. The oil remains in the funnel and can be run out into another beaker.

Fractional Distillation -Miscible liquids are much more difficult to separate. Mixtures of miscible liquids can be separated by fractional distillation. It will provide the boiling points of the liquids are not too close.

Sublimation -Some solids can change to vapor state without melting when heated. We called it SUBLIMATION. When the vapor is cooled, the solid forms again. We often use sublimation to separate a mixture of two solids in which one sublimes, but the other does not. For example, iodine from a mixture of sand and iodine by sublimation. When heated, only iodine changes to vapor. The vapor changes back to solid on the side of the funnel.