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There are two categories. One if the liquid is miscible with water then Mercury is needed. If the liquid in not immiscible with water then no need to have mercury.

The simple idea is the pressure at the same horizontal level would be the same.

Pressure in turn is got by the formula hdg. Here h the height of the liquid above the some reference level. d the density of the liquid. and g the acceleration due to gravity.

If suppose hw is the height of water level and hl is the height of liquid and dw and dl are the respective densities of water and liquid, then specific gravity or relative density dl /dw = hw / hl (g getting cancelled on both sides)

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