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Do chemical reactions that increase entropy tend to occur spontaneously?
Wiki User
∙ 7y ago
Reactions that increase the randomness. Reactions that have more moles of gas on the product side than the reactant side increase entropy. Also reactions that have a positive change in spontaneity and a negative enthalpy.
Wiki User
∙ 14y ago
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Which element of the scientific process cannot be changed?
Increase in entropy.
When does an irreversible process occurs?
An irreversible process occurs whenever there is an increase in entropy. Entropy can be thought of as a measure of "wasted" energy, that is, energy that cannot be converted to useful work. Therefore any process which results in an increase in entropy wastes some portion of energy that cannot be recovered, and so the process is irreversible.
How does the amount of entropy compare between the books on a library shelf and books in a pile in a library return bin?
Books in the return bin are in more disorder or disarray than the books organized on library shelves. An increase in disorder is an increase in entropy.
What is released when chemical bonds are broken?
"This is a difficult question to answer exactly since (1) potential energy is not something that is directly measured - it can only be deduced from the heats produced or absorbed in a transformation, and (2) the heat produced or absorbed (enthalpy) in a chemical transformation vary from substance to substance. In general, we expect that when chemical bonds are formed, energy is released - imagine the individual atoms as having energy and have to be slowed down in order that chemical bonds can form. Alternatively, and more accurately, when two atoms spontaneously form a chemical bond it must mean that the entropy of this system has increased, since two separate atoms have more disorganization (entropy) then one complete molecule, then in order for the process to be spontaneous (entropy increases), there must be some heat released. The problem now is relating heat to potential energy. I would rather you relate this to internal energy rather than potential energy (which is not quite directly applicable to chemical systems). If we think of internal energy, we know, by definition, that internal energy is a function of the heat and work that goes in and out of the system. Since most chemical transformations do not involve work, then internal energy is mostly a function of the heat that enters or leaves the system. Thus, when a chemical bond is formed spontaneously, heat leaves the system, the internal energy of the system goes down. You may then think of internal energy as a kind of potential energy and say that because the system is less energetic (since heat left the system) that it must now have a lower potential energy."
What is the scientific measure of disorder is called?
This is called entropy.
How does entropy change in gas reactions?
Reactions that increase the moles of gas will increase in entropy.
Why are endothermic reactions rare?
Chemical reactions occur spontaneously when the free energy of the product is less than the free energy of the reactants. Free energy is a combination of thermal energy (heat) and entropy. If thermal energy is absorbed during a reaction, there must be an exceptionally large increase in entropy to give a net reduction in free energy.
What is the difference between a reaction that happens spontaneously and a reaction that doesn't?
The difference can be clarified by entropy (the second rule of thermodynamics).The reaction is more spontaneous with higher entropy, for the reactions that occur spontaneously the entropy is higher than for the ones that do not.
What is the most important factor in explaining why osmosis occurs spontaneously?
it leads to an increase in entropy
Wich reactions would have an increase in entropy?
A gas typically increases the entropy much more than the increase in moles.
Is Entrophy change in a system that undergoes a spontaneous process positive negative or zero?
Negative entropy is a process or chemical reaction proceeds spontaneously in the forward direction.Positive entropy is a process proceeds spontaneously in reverse.
What happens to the entropy in the reaction?
Entropy increases. In a reaction comprised of sub-reactions, some sub-reactions may show a decrease in entropy but the entire reaction will show an increase of entropy. As an example, the formation of sugar molecules by living organisms is a process that shows decrease in entropy at the expense of the loss of entropy by the sun.
What is an another name for exothermic and for endothermic reactions?
it is a Many chemical reactions release energy in the form of heat, light, or sound. These are exothermic reactions. Exothermic reactions may occur spontaneously and result in higher randomness or entropy (ΔS > 0) of the system. They are denoted by a negative heat flow (heat is lost to the surroundings) and decrease in enthalpy (ΔH < 0). In the lab, exothermic reactions produce heat or may even be explosive. There are other chemical reactions that must absorb energy in order to proceed. These are endothermic reactions. Endothermic reactions cannot occur spontaneously. Work must be done in order to get these reactions to occur. When endothermic reactions absorb energy, a temperature drop is measured during the reaction. Endothermic reactions are characterized by positive heat flow (into the reaction) and an increase in enthalpy (+ΔH).
How do reaction involving gases affect the entropy of a system?
Reactions involving gases can negate the entropy of a system. However, certain gases can increase the rate of entropy. Thus, some gases are considered beneficial and others negative.
Which accounts for the increase in the rate of reaction when a catalyst is added to a reaction system. Does the entropy of the reaction increase?
When two molecules react with each other they must form a transition state. The higher the energy of the transition state the less likely it is for the two molecules to react with each other. Catalysts lower the energy of the transition state. This makes it more likely for molecules to react with one another, which speeds up the overall reaction. Entropy is unrelated. Reactions that break apart molecules increase entropy. Reactions that combine molecules together diminish entropy. Both types of reactions can be sped up by catalysts.
What do chemical changes always take in or give off?
Some reactions give off heat (exothermic), others absorb heat (endothermic). All reactions increase entropy.
Does diffusion increase the entropy of a solution?
Yes. Diffusion will increase the entropy.
