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Tornadoes on the Enhanced Fujita Scale from EF0 to EF5 based on damage. This scale replaced the Fujita scale (F0 to F5) as tornadoes are better understood now than when the first scale went into effect in 1971.

After a tornado strikes engineers and meteorologists examine the damage and use it to estimate the maximum wind speed a tornado attained. This is then used to assign the tornado a rating as each category has a range of wind estimates.

Here are the categories with typical damage for each, though specifics can vary with circumstances.

  • EF0: 65-85 mph, light damage, some shallow rooted trees toppled, tree branches snapped, some roof surface from houses (<20% ) removed.
  • EF1: 86-110 mph, moderate damage, significant loss of roof surface (>20%), windows broken, trailers heavily damaged.
  • EF2: 111-135 mph, significant damage, roofs torn from frame homes but most walls remain intact, cars tossed, trains derailed, trailers demolished.
  • EF3: 136-165 mph, severe damage, roof and walls torn from frame homes, trains thrown, most trees uprooted.
  • EF4: 166-200 mph, devastating damage, strong frame homes leveled to the ground, trees debarked
  • EF5: over 200 mph, incredible damage, strong frame homes disintegrate with foundations swept clean, car and even house sized objects thrown hundreds of yards.
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