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Downs syndrome is caused by a genetic mutation called trisomy. Trisomy is when an extra chromosome is present on one set of chromosomes, so instead of the 46 chromosomes of a normal human there are 47. Trisomy can often result in miscarriage as the body cannot cope well with extra chromosomes. Downs syndrome is when there is an extra chromosome 21. Other genetic defects which are caused by trisomy are Edwards syndrome and Patau syndrome.

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