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It depends on the type of bacterium as to what toxin is produced. Some toxins are destroyed by cooking the food and others are not. Clostridium botulinum produces a muscle paralysing toxin that can kill you but is also used medically to relax muscles of children with cerebral palsy (and injected into foreheads to smooth facial lines), Botox.

Staphylococcus aureus, golden staph, produces a toxin that causes Toxic shock syndrome. There is shiga toxin from E. coli from food poisoning, cholera toxin ...

Some bacteria secrete toxins and others just have toxins in their cell walls that causes inflammation when the white blood cells destroy the bacteria.

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