It's by analzying the spectrum of light reflected off the planet, through a method called spectroscopy.
Different elements absorb light energy at different wavelengths, and re-emit light at specific, well-characterized wavelengths. By analyzing the light reflected off a planet, scientists can work out the most abundant elements in its atmosphere.
The planet Mercury lacks and atmosphere while Titan, the largest moon of Saturn, has an a denser atmosphere than Earth does. Rather, planets and moons are classified by what they orbit: planets orbit the sun while moons orbit planets.
The atmosphere of Neptune is similar to all the large planets in the Solar System; it mostly consists of hydrogen and helium, with trace amounts of methane, water, ammonia and other ices. But unlike the other gas planets in the Solar System, Neptune's atmosphere has a larger proportion of the ices. It's the methane in the plant's upper atmosphere that gives it its bright blue color. At the highest altitudes, where the Neptune's atmosphere touches space, it consists of about 80% hydrogen and 19% helium. There's also a trace amount of methane. The light we see from Neptune is actually the reflected light from the Sun. (Although the entire spectrum of light hits Neptune.) This trace amount of methane absorbs light from the red end of the spectrum, while allowing the blue light to bounce back out. The color of Neptune's atmosphere is brighter than Uranus, which has a similar atmosphere; astronomers aren't sure why there's such a dramatic color difference.
The two factors that affect the amount of sunlight received by a planets surface would be how close it is to the sun and how much of an atmosphere it has. This is because an atmosphere will trap heat.
Earth and Mars are both terrestrial planets. Both planets have about the same amount of dry land surface areas. Mars, like Earth, has volcanoes, canyons, and impact craters.
From our distance, they are close to the stars they orbit. Hope this helps! :) 5/3/21
Because they study many planets and their geography and atmosphere, in Earth Science you study the geology of Earth just like Astronomers study geology of other planets.
Astronomers use a telescope to view planets directly.
Teams of astronomers have studies all possible planets.
Many astronomers, historians, regular people, and scientisis know about the planets in our Solar system.
astronomers
Astronomers.
Astronomers (and their ilk) study stars and planets.
Astronomers study celestial objects such as stars, planets, and galaxies, which are located in space above Earth. While astronomers may not focus on the geology or atmosphere of Earth, their work is still aligned with studying the natural phenomena of the universe, making them closely related to Earth scientists.
Ptolemy did not discover any planets. He lived in the 2nd century AD and his work primarily focused on developing mathematical models to explain the motion of the planets as observed from Earth. The discovery of the planets we now know was made by astronomers in different time periods.
Astronomers
Astronomers have only recently discovered in the last ten years or so that Mercury does have a very thin atmosphere. Probably from gases leaking out from the planets interior.
Astronomers find it challenging to locate planets with telescopes primarily due to the vast distances involved and the relative faintness of planets compared to their host stars. Planets do not emit their own light; instead, they reflect light from their stars, making them much less visible. Additionally, the glare from stars can easily obscure nearby planets, complicating detection. Advanced techniques, such as transit photometry and radial velocity measurements, are often required to identify these distant worlds.