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The placebo contains no medication; is conventionally known as a "sugar pill". It serves the purpose of identifying how much, if any of the reported "side effects" are common symptoms or experiences reported by people within and outside of treatment pool. It also serves to provide a base-line reading of how effective the medication is at treating, curing, or maintaining the disease or condition it's been created for. The "placebo effect" is a term that means that people can experience a percieved result (or side effect) due to simply believing that they are receiving a drug, and therefore, the researchers can better recognize the true affect of drug vs. doing nothing at all. It's a psychological phenomenon that lends itself to a lot of supplements and fad or "brand" vitamins that do not always do what they claim, but people will swear by results: You will often see that those products have NOT been "evaluated by the FDA". If they were, it's thought that the placebo effect would no doubt play a huge role in the reports of effectiveness. Researchers can quantify results based on how many people report experiences (such as fatigue, dry mouth, loss of appetite, etc & how well or not it's working to treat their symptoms) and depending upon which group they are in (the group receiving the actual drug or the group receiving the placebo), the researchers can identify the likelihood & severity of side-effects & the overall effectiveness of the drug for treatment of it's intended condition.
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The only research method that can establish a cause-and-effect relationship is?
An experiment
What experiment is one in which the condition suspected to cause the effect is compared to the same situation without the suspected condition?
A scientific experiment
What kind of experiment is one in which the condition suspected to cause the effect is compared to the same situation without the suspected condition?
scientific experiment
What is the benefit of a blind experiment?
Double blind experiments, in the context of medicine, are those in which neither the participants nor the experimenter is aware of who is receiving a treatment and who is receiving a placebo. This removes bias from both the participant and the experimenter. For instance, it has been shown that a participant who believes they are receiving the real treatment will experience a measurable or perceived change, usually an improvement. This effect occurs even if the participant is actually receiving the placebo and is thus known as the placebo effect. Basically the participant believes they have improved and this can sometimes be reflected in an actual change in whatever is being tested for experimentally, e.g. improved health in a drug trial. The other aspect is that if the participant knows they are on the placebo, they will not experience the placebo effect and, for instance in the case of drug trials, may become worse due to a psychological effect, i.e. depression over not receiving a real drug. So, if the participant knows what they are taking, the results for whatever is being experimentally tested for would be distorted, e.g. an over- or underestimation of a drug's potential. As such, participants are not told whether they are receiving the placebo or the treatment. In this way, the placebo effect is either removed, reduced or equivalent across all participants. The second part is that the experimenter also does not know what is being given to a participant. Generally, participants are randomly assigned by computer to either the real drug or the placebo and the experimenter is not allowed to know what the participant is taking until the experiment is over and all measurements have been completed. This avoids the experimenter bias as if they know what a participant is taking, they may be tempted to over- or underestimate the effect. For instance, in a drug trial, an experimenter may see more of an improvement in a treated participant than a placebo participant. This may be an unconscious or conscious action, however, either way it will distort the result. Additionally, an experimenter may accidentally or unconsciously reveal to a participant whether they are on the placebo or drug, which will in turn cause the placebo effect as described earlier. As such, if the experimenter does not know what the participant is taking, they should not suffer from bias nor reveal to the participant. However, this system is not perfect as an experimenter will generally know enough about experiment to be able to work out which participant is taking what, i.e. a drug may exhibit a particular smell or colour or other identifiable characteristic or change in participant. In these cases, the experiment may be handed over to other people to perform, e.g. nurses or doctors, to avoid any chance of bias. The disadvantage to double blind experiments is that they are more costly and difficult to set up, as they will usually require a greater number of people, more rigorous controls. Additionally, the entire experiment must be completed before any conclusions can be made. It may also be impossible to perform some experiments double blind. There may also be other safety, legal and moral constraints as well. For instance, is it morally right to purposely not treat the placebo group of participants who may be seriously or terminally ill? Overall, the double blind experiment is still the "gold standard" in experiments, as it theoretically removes all bias, treats all participants the same whether they are receiving placebo or drug and comes with a negative control.
What is the best definition of the word experiment used by scientist?
An experiment is a procedure carried out to verify, refute, or establish the validity of a hypothesis. Experiments provide insight into cause-and-effect by demonstrating what outcome occurs when a particular factor is manipulated.
What are three possible causes of the placebo effect?
Three possible causes of the placebo effect are psychological conditioning, expectations and beliefs of the individual, and the release of endorphins or other neurotransmitters in the brain triggered by the placebo treatment.
Unlike an observational study an experiment can prove?
cause and effect
An experiment is used to answer questions about?
Cause and Effect.
What is Unchanging?
In an experiment, your control variable will not be caused to vary by the experiment. Think of 'cause and effect'. The independent variable is the cause, the result is the effect, and the dependent variable is the one that you leave to be changed by the experiment.
What can be used to show a cause and effect between two variables?
A controlled experiment can be used to show a cause and effect relationship. ex: an experiment studying the effect of a certain medicine on patients.
What Only an experiment can prove apex learning?
An experiment can show: Cause and effect (Apex).
The only research method that can establish a cause-and-effect relationship is?
An experiment
Which method is most helpful for clarifying cause effect relationships?
The experiment
What experiment is one in which the condition suspected to cause the effect is compared to the same situation without the suspected condition?
A scientific experiment
What kind of experiment is one in which the condition suspected to cause the effect is compared to the same situation without the suspected condition?
scientific experiment
When an experiment shows that one variable makes another Chang and no other variables have any effect the experiment shows?
causation
What methods is most helpful for revealing cause effect relationships A the survey b the experiment c correlational research d naturalistic observation?
The experiment method is most helpful for revealing cause-effect relationships as it involves manipulating variables to see the effect on another variable. This allows for establishing causal relationships between variables by controlling for confounding factors.
