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A nice question. To the best of our measurements, the cones are not monochromatic in their response. This is they actually respond to a broad region of colours, and some of this response may even overlap with an adjacent colour cone. This is nicely shown in the article on Cone cells in wikipedia.

You have about 4.5 million cone cells and 90 million rod cells in each eye.

Your eyes are actually an extension of brain, and it is in the brain that the discrimination between all the colours and shades is made.

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