A rock that has high porosity is not permeable if the pores or fractures are not connected. The larger and better shorted the particles are, the more permeable the rock or sediment tends to be. Because of this characteristic composition, clay is essentially impermeable, which means that water cannot flow through it.
how does vegetation allow greater infiltration
How is differences in surface affect the adhesion f tape? Does the type of surface affect the adhesion of tape?
Infiltration is the vertical (up and down) movement of surface water.
Impermeable means water can't get through it. For example, clay is impermeable substance (because water can't seep through it), but chalk is permeable (because water can drip through it slowly) Sometimes it also applies to places which you can't get into, for example, an 'impermeable fortress' would be difficult to get into.
It is a layer that cannot be penetrated. Typically it refers to penetration by water, though it may sometimes refer to air. If water cannot permeate through a layer, that layer is impermeable.
Non-examples of infiltration would include situations where water does not penetrate the ground, such as when the ground is frozen or saturated with water. Additionally, impermeable surfaces like concrete or asphalt prevent infiltration from occurring. Infiltration does not happen in areas where the soil is compacted or covered with a impermeable layer, such as plastic sheeting.
Examples of impermeable surfaces include concrete, asphalt, metal, and plastic. These surfaces do not allow water to pass through, leading to increased surface runoff and potential flooding.
Factors such as soil type, topography, land use, and vegetation cover can affect the amount of runoff by influencing the rate of infiltration, surface roughness, and evapotranspiration. For example, impermeable surfaces in urban areas lead to increased runoff, while vegetation cover can help reduce runoff by promoting infiltration and interception of water. Topography also plays a role, with steep slopes typically generating more runoff than flat terrain.
The most runoff of precipitation would occur in areas with saturated soil due to previous rainfall, steep slopes that promote water flow, impermeable surfaces like concrete or asphalt that prevent infiltration, and high-intensity rainfall events that exceed the soil's infiltration capacity.
When rainfall occurs, rainwater is more likely to become surface runoff if the land is impermeable (e.g. paved surfaces, compacted soil). This prevents infiltration and encourages water to flow over the surface rather than being absorbed into the ground.
Infiltration, Infiltration, Percolation
When a soil is impermeable, it is called "clayey soil." This type of soil has very small particle sizes that tightly pack together, resulting in poor drainage and little to no water infiltration.
Slope angle of ground surfaceHydraulic conductivity of soil (higher this value, greater infiltration)Presence of vegetation cover (presence of vegetation reduces infiltration rate)Density of vegetation cover (sometimes referred to as leaf area index - higher this value, lower infiltration)
Impermeable surfaces such as concrete, asphalt, and roofs do not allow precipitation to pass through. This can lead to increased surface runoff and potential flooding.
Urbanization generally means more impermeable surfaces, like concrete. This increases the amount of runoff (rain going to rivers) which means an increase in the amount (and velocity) of discharge.
Run-off vs Infiltration Run-off influencing Factors: Wet soil, impermeable rock (acquiclude) heavy rain, steep slope or gradient, less vegetation cover, erosion, artificial land surfaces I.e Tar Infiltration influencing factors: Dry soil, permeable rock (acquifer) , soft rain, gentle or gradual gradient, vegetation cover,
Factors that can speed up infiltration include permeable soils, gentle slopes, and sparse vegetation that allow water to easily penetrate the ground. Conversely, factors that can slow down infiltration include compacted soils, steep slopes, and dense vegetation that restrict water from entering the ground. Additionally, the presence of impermeable layers or human activities like paving can also impede infiltration.