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There are two phenomenon at play here. And of course, towards the edge of a lens its shape resembles a prism.

1. When light enters s (transparent) solid, the velocity of light in the new material will be different from that of air. You'll have noticed a similar effect, when viewing a pencil partly immersed in a glass of water. You know that the pencil is straight, but it appears to bend at the water interface.

2. The velocity of light is not the same for all colours in most substances.

So the different colours in the light may appear to have been bent more than others. So the beam of white light is dispersed into a rainbow.

A substance in which there is no velocity dispersion for the various frequencies of light is known as achromatic. Much the desire of lens makers, and optical detectors.

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