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The iron atoms absorb enough energy to lose three electrons each and become iron(III) ions. The octa-atomic sulphur molecules absorb enough energy to become sulphur atoms. These atoms each gain two electrons to become sulphide ions with a -2 charge each. Since electrons are conserved, 1½ times as many sulphur atoms so react as do iron atoms. These ions now form a solid and give up energy. The overall process gives up energy (enough so that some of the solid goes off as a smoke).

Depending on how far you are in chemistry, you could get by with this explanation, or you could discuss whether the iron(III) sulphide formed is a simple ionic solid as described or something a bit more complicated.

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