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Oxygen passes through the alveoli in the lungs into the blood stream. Some will dissolve in the blood, but not enough to support "life". Thus, hemoglobin exists in the red blood cells which bind the oxygen to improve the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.

It then passes from the lungs back to the heart through the Left Atrium and Left Ventricle and into the arteries for distribution to the body.

The smallest blood vessels are called capillaries which are barely large enough for red blood cells to pass. In the capillaries, the oxygen is released from the Red Blood cells and absorbed by the neighboring cells.

Enzymes in the cells catalyze reactions between the oxygen and "fuels", for example glucose (C6H12O6) to create the basic energy molecule of cells, ATP. This reaction requires 6 molecules of oxygen (O2) and forms 6 molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2), and 6 molecules of water (H2O). The water, is pumped into the blood, and is either exhaled, or excreted through urine.

Some of the carbon dioxide will bind to the hemoglobin in the red blood cells. There is also an enzyme that will catalyze the binding of the carbon dioxide to water to form carbonic acid (H2C03) to aid in dissolving into the blood.

The Blood with CO2 then passes from the capillaries into the veins, and into the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart, and back into the lungs to be exchanged with oxygen for another cycle.

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