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Buffers work by accepting hydrogen ions from solutions when they are in excess and donating hydrogen ions to the solution when they are depleted.

In the bicarbonate buffer system the chemical equilibrium between carbonic acid and bicarbonate act as a pH regulator. If the H+ concentration in blood begins to fall (that is if the pH rises), more carbonic acid dissociates , replenishing hydrogen ions. When H+concentration begins to rise (pH drops), the bicarbonate ion acts as a base and removes the excess hydrogen ions.

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Which buffer system acts the fastest?

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