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Our retina consists of 3 cones . S cone (short wavelength blue color detection), M cone (medium wavelength green color detection), L cone(long wavelength red color detection)

And 1 rod for detection of black and white color.

Stimulation of the cones or rod with light will transmit impuls through ganglionic neuron to brain for interpretation.

Rhodopsin is also important in color detection. Light-sensitive, purple-red organic pigment contained in the rod cells of the retina that allows the eye to see in black and white in dim light. It is composed of opsin, a protein, linked to retinal, a conjugated molecule (see conjugation) formed from vitamin A. Photons of light that enter the eye are absorbed by retinal and cause it to change its configuration, starting a biochemical chain of events that ends with impulses being sent along the optic nerve to the brain. In bright light, to protect rod cells from overstimulation, rhodopsin breaks down into retinal and opsin, both of which are colourless. In dim light or darkness the process is reversed (dark adaptation), and purple-red rhodopsin is reformed. Similar light-sensitive compounds made of retinal and other opsin proteins are the pigments in the retina's cone cells responsible for colour vision in bright light.

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