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Power plants work with ac generators called alternators, which are rotating machines driven by different forms of mechanical engine.

The conventional power plant uses a heat engine, usually a turbine, driven by steam or gas. When steam is used it is produced in a boiler from pure water heated by a fuel, usually coal or oil.

Hydro-electric power plants drive the alternators with an engine driven by the power of falling water. Wind power plants use the wind to turn the generators.

On a power grid, all the machines run synchronously, which means they all turn at the same speed, which is 3000 rpm for a 50 Hz power system. Small generators might turn at a submultiple like 1500 rpm.

Solar power plants do not use rotating machines but generate direct current from the Sun's rays. The power is then converted to AC in an inverter. The conversion process adapts itself to the basic frequency of the grid, which means in practice that solar power must be limited to a relatively low level to avoid causing instability in the grid.

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