In the northern hemisphere, the sun is generally in the southern half of the sky. Then, at noon, a shadow cast by anything in New York will point approximately North.
Everywhere in the north temperate zone ... between the Tropic of Cancer
and the Arctic Circle ... shadows point north around noon on every day of
the year.
Assuming the tree goes straight up:That depends on the latitude where you live, and - if you between the tropics - on the season.
there would be no solar shadow However there might be a lunar one
the shadow would be longer in the winter i couldn't tell you why, though
Yes it does.
northwest
I believe you mean the lightest part of Earth's shadow casted upon the moon and the answer to that would be: The lightest part of Earth's shadow upon the moon is called the penumbra. In fact any shadow is divided between that totally blocked (umbra) and partially blocked by the light source (penumbra) so the Penumbra can indeed be the moons partial shadow on the earth during a partial or total solar eclipse
If the Sun is shjining from the East, then the shadows would be towards the West.
It would be elongated and opposite to the sun. In which direction it will face depends on where you are standing on Earth.
Noon (standard time).
Just after sunrise, or just before sunset.
It has plenty of direction. The direction of the electric field at any point in it is the direction of the force that would be felt by an infinitesimally small positive charge placed at that point.
That depends where you are on the planet. Your shadow would be longest if you were standing on a rotational pole at the time of equinox. At this point your shadow would be infinity long as it would be "projected" into space. However as a rule of thumb one's shadow is longest when the sun is rising or setting but high enough to cast your shadow.
In the UK, the shadow is likely to fall (point) towards West-north-west.
Thrust would point in the direction of travel. Drag would counter thrust, so generally in a direction 180 degrees from the thrust vector's direction. The lift vector would point in the direction (generally) away from the center of the earth. The gravity vector would point toward the center of the earth.
That would depend on your starting point.
northwest
You can look at where mosses grow on trees to tell the general direction.
no, they could stand in their own shadow. it's a good "if" question. If there was no air, would you drown?