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How to find edexcel gcse b1a b1b and b2 multiple choice questions for 2010 board exam papers?
omg i no how to do it just go on cheets walkthrough nd der yu done it thankyou
How many b1a bombers were built?
Only 4 prototypes of the B1A were built. Later, 100 B1 B's were built and about 65 of these are still operational.
What does a carquest B1A oil filter fit?
chrysler 440
Does Carlos pena have a son?
No , He does not. But he does have a daughter. -------------------------- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Pe%C3%B1a
What has the author Anura Pathmasiri Dantanarayana written?
Anura Pathmasiri Dantanarayana has written: 'Synthesis of two subunits of avermectin B1a' -- subject(s): Streptomyces, Avermectins
What does B1A mean in the courts?
In the context of courts, "B1A" typically refers to a specific type of legal proceeding or classification within a court system, often related to family law or civil cases. It may denote a category for particular types of cases, such as child custody or divorce matters. The exact meaning can vary by jurisdiction, so it's important to refer to local court rules or legal resources for precise definitions.
What cars can Fram PH8A oil filter be used on?
This filter will fit Land Rover 2.5TDI giving larger filtration than the original............... Will also fit most all fords from 1964 to 1986 Competitor Cross Reference AC-DELCO PF1A AC-DELCO PF2 AC-DELCO PF20 AC-DELCO PF2CL AC-DELCO PF2FCL AC-DELCO PFL1A AC-DELCO PFL1ACL AIR REFINER PL-3313 ALFA-ROMEO 3706400 ALFA-ROMEO 37064000 ALFA-ROMEO 45170000 ALLIANCE ABP/N10G-LF3313 ALLIS-CHALMERS 0237000 ALLIS-CHALMERS 02370005 ALLIS-CHALMERS 02513810 ALLIS-CHALMERS 230578 ALLIS-CHALMERS 2305781 ALLIS-CHALMERS 232421 ALLIS-CHALMERS 2324211 ALLIS-CHALMERS 232578 ALLIS-CHALMERS 2325784 ALLIS-CHALMERS 234900 ALLIS-CHALMERS 2349008 ALLIS-CHALMERS 237000 ALLIS-CHALMERS 2370005 ALLIS-CHALMERS 237000-5 ALLIS-CHALMERS 251178 ALLIS-CHALMERS 2513810 ALLIS-CHALMERS 251381-0 ALLIS-CHALMERS 4511629 ALLIS-CHALMERS 45116290 ALLIS-CHALMERS 4511629-0 ALLIS-CHALMERS 4630787 ALLIS-CHALMERS 4910810 ALLIS-CHALMERS 70237000 ALLIS-CHALMERS 74910810 ALLOY ABH-2850 ALLOY ABH-8A AM GENERAL 11630417 AMSOIL ASF15 AMSOIL EAO15 AQUA POWER 6007 ARCO A0F-1 ASTON MARTIN 95-01-110 ATLAS F-17 AUTO PACE 150 AUTO VALUE 1-8A AUTOEDGE AL8A AUTOPAR FE1 AUTOPAR FE148 AUTOPRO 2515 AUTOWIZE A1 AWARD AOF-1 AWARD AOF-50 B&W-LATHROP P-470 BALDWIN B118 BALDWIN B2 BALDWIN BT111 BALDWIN DL2 BALDWIN V2-F BECK/ARNLEY 041-0745 BECK/ARNLEY 041-8159 BECK/ARNLEY 041-8756 BIG A 92452 BIG A 92515 BIG A 92771 BLMI GFE-151 BOLINDER-MUNKTELL 795097 BOSCH 3500 BOSCH 72102 BOSCH 72185 BRAVO B1A BRAVO BF119 BRICKLIN 1301603 BRITISH LEYLAND ETC-6599 BRITISH LEYLAND GFE-151 BROS E380084 BUMPER TO BUMPER BBO-100A BUMPER TO BUMPER BBO-1A CAM2 C1A CANADIAN TIRE 17-1704-2 CANADIAN TIRE 17-1732-4 CARCARE IOF8 CARQUEST 85452 CARQUEST 85515 CARQUEST B1A CASE A146696 CASE A37189 CASE A58758 CASE D29869 CASE D29891 CASE E36534 CASE G45210 CASE G45306 CASITE CF1A CASTROL CKF-1 CATERPILLAR 313658 CATERPILLAR 314361 CATERPILLAR 329060 CATERPILLAR 364464 CENEX CO1096 CHAMP AR1A CHAMP PH8A CHAMPION OF01 CHAMPION OF12 CHICAGO PNEUMATIC 1PS-3547 CHRIS-CRAFT 1681-06536 CHRIS-CRAFT 17131 CHRYSLER 1739617 CHRYSLER 1739618 CHRYSLER 1851658 CHRYSLER 2205517 CHRYSLER 2532744 CHRYSLER 2555929 CHRYSLER 2647019 CHRYSLER 2806201 CHRYSLER 2951957 CHRYSLER 3549232 CHRYSLER 8990499 CHRYSLER 927787 CHRYSLER 936406 CHRYSLER 938143 CHRYSLER E-5778M CHRYSLER J0927787 CHRYSLER J0936406 CHRYSLER J0938143 CHRYSLER J8051330 CHRYSLER J8990499 CITGO C1A CITGO C257 CLARK 162709 CLARK 6511766 CLARK 899839 CLARK 945928 COACH GUARD T08-1063 COLT INDUSTRIES 9097 CO-OP PL-1-70 CO-OP PL-366 CO-OP PL-452 CO-OP PL-58758 CO-OP VER-1A CROSLAND 2029 CROSLAND 532 CROSLAND 637 CROSLAND 9362 CRUISEMASTER 201 CRUISEMASTER 201X CRUISEMASTER 213 CRUSADER 22679 CRUSADER 9002514 DANA 312598 DEFENSE DL8A DEFENSE DL8A DELPHI FX1021 DELUXE WD-1096 DELUXE WD-1996 DELUXE WD-296 DELUXE WD-442 DELUXE WD-96 DELUXE WD-996 DENSO 150-1004 DEUTSCH D539 DONALDSON LFP550008 DONALDSON P550008 DORMAN DA111 DYNALIFE CN-1 DYNALIFE CN-1R DYNALIFE CN-2850 ECONO LUBE L30001 EVERGARD E1A FACET 2850 FACET 8 FAIRBANKS MORSE 9097 FIAAM FT4809 FIAAM FT4905 FIAT-ALLIS 4630787 FIAT-ALLIS 70237000 FIAT-ALLIS 702377000 FIAT-ALLIS 72370000 FIAT-ALLIS 74511629 FILTERS INCORPORATED OF8 FIRESTONE TF8A FIRESTONE TF-8A FLAG C-16 FLAG C-2844 FLAG C-2850 FLAG C-8 FLEETGUARD LF16208 FLEETGUARD LF3313 FLEETGUARD LF3314 FLEETGUARD LF3324 FLEETGUARD LF3353 FLEETGUARD LF3435 FLEETGUARD LF3487 FLEETGUARD LF3530 FLEETGUARD LF3659 FLEETGUARD LF551A FLEETGUARD LF742 FLEETRITE LFR-83306 FLEETRITE LFR-83313 FLEETRITE LFR-83314 FLEETRITE LFR-83324 FLEETRITE LFR-83353 FLEETRITE LFR-83435 FLEETRITE LFR-83487 FLEETRITE LFR-83530 FLEETRITE LFR-84016 FLEETRITE LFR-8551A FORD B7A-6714-A FORD C1AZ-6731-A FORD C1AZ-6731-AP FORD C3AE-6714-A FORD C4AE-6714-A FORD C8AF-6714-A FORD C9AZ-6731-A FORD D8NN-6714-GA FORD D9AE-6714-AA FORD D9AZ-6731-A FORD D9FL-6731-B FORD D9NN-6714-EA FORD E1ZE-6714-AA FORD E7NN-6714-AA FORD ECG-6714-A FORD ECZ-6714-C FORD EDC-6714-A FORD EDG-6714-C FORD MHK-6714-A GENERAL MOTORS 19160688 GENERAL MOTORS 19160689 GENERAL MOTORS 19161274 GENERAL MOTORS 5574459 GENERAL MOTORS 5575840 GENERAL MOTORS 6435675 GENERAL MOTORS 6436749 GENERAL MOTORS 6439119 GENERAL MOTORS 6439143 GENERAL MOTORS 9002514 GONHER GP1 GONHER GP1M GOODYEAR 222-4501 GOODYEAR 222-4508 GOODYEAR L3850 GOODYEAR L8A GRAND PRIX PH1A GRAND PRIX PH2850 GRAND PRIX PH8A GRAVELY 115360 GRAVELY 12722P1 GRAVELY 1-5360 GRAVELY L857 GRAY MARINE 77281 GREASE MONKEY GM30001 GREASE MONKEY GM8 GREASE MONKEY GM8A GROUP 7 V1A GUD Z7 GUD Z81 GULF GF-201 GULF GF-213 HASTINGS BT111 HASTINGS LF115 HASTINGS LF15 HASTINGS LF344 HASTINGS LF427 HASTINGS LF518 HASTINGS T115A HAVOLINE T-1-FS HERCULES 256269 HERCULES 40-0000-407 HERCULES 40-0000-407C HOBART 509020 HUBER-WARCO TRC7244 HUTCHEN SF-119 HUTCHEN SF-1A HYSTER 195852 HYSTER 3000046 HYSTER 3035753 IAPCO A-0220-003 IAPCO A-0220-006 IAPCO A-0261-005 IAPCO A-0270-006 IAPCO OF110 IAPCO OF125 IHC-NAVISTAR 1959757C1 IHC-NAVISTAR 388227R91 IHC-NAVISTAR 918266R91 IHC-NAVISTAR 918266R92 IHC-NAVISTAR 918266R93 IHC-NAVISTAR 920203C1 INGERSOLL-RAND 40210 INGERSOLL-RAND 6458B1 INTERCEPTOR 1002984 INTERNATIONAL PARTS SERVICES 4-1014 INTERNATIONAL PARTS SERVICES 4-1059 INTERNATIONAL PARTS SERVICES 4-1070 INTERNATIONAL PARTS SERVICES 4-1078 INTERNATIONAL PARTS SERVICES 4-1099 IPD 10107 IPD 10109 ISUZU 13201-2 ITM 11-10003 ITM 111-0003 ITM 11-10502 ITM 111-0502 ITM 111-0504 ITM 11-10510 ITM 111-0510 ITM 11-11506 ITM 11-11511 ITM 11-14030 ITM 11-19800 ITM 111-9800 ITM 11-19805 ITM 11-19806 ITM 111-9806 JIFFY LUBE HL3 JIFFY LUBE HL8A JIFFY LUBE JL119 JIFFY LUBE JL1A JIFFY LUBE L30001 JOHN DEERE AE28914 JOHN DEERE TY9425 K & N HP-3001 K MART K-1 K MART K-24 K MART MP-1 K MART MP-24 KENDALL K1 KERR-McGEE KM-2850 KERR-McGEE KM-8A KNECHT FO-371 KOMATSU 15208-W1120 KOMATSU 15208-W1120L KRALINATOR L22 KRALINATOR L76A KUBOTA 15402-32091 KUBOTA 15831-32430 KUBOTA 70000-32091 LAZORLITE L11-1058 LAZORLITE L11-1074 LAZORLITE L11-1180 LAZORLITE L11-1201 LEE LF-1 LEE LF-1HP LEE LF-2 LEE LF-2HP LEHMAN 2N50 LEROI 43-465 LETOURNEAU WESTINGHOUSE KC-5042 LINDE 000-983-0607 LONG TX10234 LPM 1350-5015 LPM 1350-5345 LUBER-FINER LFP1 LUBER-FINER LFP1A LUBER-FINER LFP8509 LUBER-FINER PH2850 LUBER-FINER PH8A LUCAS GIRLING F413 LUCAS GIRLING F414 LUCAS GIRLING F4644 LUCAS GIRLING F6203 LUCAS GIRLING F6442 LUCAS GIRLING F658 LUCAS GIRLING F678 LUGGER 24-05401 MACK 3076240022 MANITOU 1-829195 MANITOU G1-829195 MANN & HUMMEL ML 1004 MANN & HUMMEL W9.36 MANN & HUMMEL W9.40/1O MANN & HUMMEL W9.40/21 MANN & HUMMEL W9.40/23 MANN & HUMMEL W920/96 MANN & HUMMEL W932/81 MANN & HUMMEL W935/99 MANN & HUMMEL W940 MANN & HUMMEL W940/1 MANN & HUMMEL W940/81 MANN & HUMMEL W940/99 MARATHON MO2850 MARATHON MO8A MARATHON-LETOURNEAU MO2850 MARATHON-LETOURNEAU MO8A MARINE POWER MP-0904-000 MARINE POWER MP-0904-000-0 MASSEY-FERGUSON 244427-M1 MASSEY-FERGUSON 836064-M91 MASSEY-FERGUSON 881304-M91 MASTER PARTS PH-1A MASTER PARTS PH-2850 MASTER PARTS PH-8A MAXI-BILT 19 MAZDA ZZL0-14-302 MECHANICS CIRCLE MOF 8A MELROE 6511766 MERCRUISER 35-802886Q MERCRUISER 35-802886T MERCRUISER 60565 MICRO F-119 MICRO F-1A MICROGARD MGL8A MIGHTY M1 MILEGUARD MO8A MINIT LUBE PH1 MINIT LUBE PH2850 MITSUBISHI J0927787 MITSUBISHI J0936406 MITSUBISHI J0938143 MITSUBISHI J8051330 MITSUBISHI J8990499 MOBIL M1-301 MOBIL MO1A MONROE FP-100 MOPAR L-1007 MOPAR L-138 MOPAR L-324 MOPAR L-326 MOPAR L-526 MOPAR L-55 MOPAR L-72 MORETTI 4517000 MOTOR TREND ML8A MOTORCRAFT FL 181 MOTORCRAFT FL 1A MOTORCRAFT FL 1-A3 MPA 2410 MPA 4410 NAPA 1016 NAPA 1515 NELSON 85118-E NELSON 85120-G NELSON 88042-A NELSON CP-355-SCR NELSON WL-72 NELSON WPF-2 NEW HOLLAND 500462 NEW HOLLAND 508129 NEW HOLLAND 86546614 NISSAN 15208-65002 NISSAN 15208-65010 NISSAN 15208-65011 NISSAN 15208-65012 NISSAN 15208-65014 NISSAN 15208-W1111 NISSAN 15208-W1120 NISSAN 15208-W1123 OE+ OF-1370 OE+ OF-1460 OMC 173231 OMC 502900 ONAN 122-0193 ONAN 122P-193 PARTS MASTER 1-2850 PARTS MASTER 1-8A PARTS PLUS PH1A PENNZOIL PZ-1 PERFORMAX PO-1 PERFORMAX PO-1 PERKINS 2654342 PERKINS 2654343 PERRY PL-1 PERRY PL-96 PHILLIPS 66 PO1 PHILLIPS 66 PO1-1 PLEASURECRAFT R007001 PLEASURECRAFT R077001 PMC PE-813 POWER FLO SL30001 PRECISION TUNE OF-102 PRECISION TUNE OF-111 PRO/GAUGE PGO-1A PROMATCH 972597 PROMATCH 972703 PROMOTIVE PH1A PRONTO PO-8A PRO-TEC 101 PURE FLOW INC. PGP-8A PURFLUX LS186 PURFLUX LS194 PURFLUX LS415 PUROLATOR L30001 PUROLATOR L30119 QUAKER STATE QS8A QUALITY QF1A ROCKHILL 61515 ROKA 1115-11 ROKA 3115-13 ROL-PAK FMC-1-FF ROL-PAK FMCQ-1-FF ROOTES 1228080 ROOTES 5042621 ROOTES 6100448 ROVER ETC-6599 SAFETY KLEEN 101 SEARS 45064 SEARS 45170 SEARS 45171 SEARS 45188 SEARS 45191 SEARS 45198 SECURITY SO-1A SELECT 500 L1515 SERIES 2 8101 SERIES 2 8106 SERVICE 1 OF1A SERVICE PRO M1A SHELL L30119 SHELL SH1 SIEG OS8A SIERRA 18-7875 SILVERLINE 21515 STP S8A SUNOCO O-10 SUNOCO O-1A SUNOCO O-22 SUPERTECH ST8A TARGET SF1A TCI 00120-00001 TCI 00120-00012 TCI 10100001 TCI 15600-41010 TCI 23-68760 TELEDYNE F-600L-3750 TELEDYNE G-77281 TELEDYNE RV-32 TOYOTA 00120-00001 TOYOTA 1010001 TOYOTA 15600-41010 TOYOTA 15600-76003-71 TOYOTA 15601-41010 TOYOTA 15601-44010 TOYOTA 15601-44010-83 TOYOTA 15601-78101-71 TRUST PH1A TRUST PH2850 UNITED (ENGINE LIFE) U1L UNIVERSAL 17131 UNIVERSAL 299584 UNOCAL PF2A VALUTEST 3612 VALUTEST 4611 VALUTEST 4612 VALUTEST V2452 VALUTEST V2515 VALVOLINE L1 VALVOLINE VO1 VALVOLINE VO10 VERA 10-00041 VERA 10-00074 VERA 10-00132 VERA 10-00280 VERA 10-00314 VERA 10-00520 VERA 10-00967 VERA 10-50132 VERSATILE SW6920 VERSATILE V15798 VERSATILE V6920 VOLVO 3130906 VOLVO 430143 VOLVO 835779 VOLVO 835779-0 WAKO INDUSTRIAL LO-208K WAL-MART WF-1 WAL-MART WFC-50 WALMI WS-2850 WALMI WS-8 WARNER PH1A WARNER PH2850 WARNER PH8A WAUKESHA 162709 WAUKESHA 164830 WAUKESHA 168444 WESTERBEKE 16655 WESTERN AUTO 74-5801-1 WESTERN AUTO 74-5920-9 WESTERN AUTO 74-5932-4 WGB S-83-CPA WHITE 02-7088230 WHITE 105234-A WHITE 10R-1328 WHITE 159045-A WHITE 159045-AS WHITE 31-2770467 WHITE 35A-5533 WHITE 40-0000407 WHITE 674351-A WIX 51515 WM. PENN WP-2850 WM. PENN WP-8A WORTHINGTON FLR-254 XSV OP-1A YALE & TOWNE 515141300 YALE & TOWNE 515141301 YAMAHA YSC-10231-20-OC YAMAHA YSC-16231-20-0C
Why were they sent to Auschwitz?
Location: Oswiecim, PolandEstablished: May 26th1940Liberation: January 27th, 1945, by the Soviet Army.Estimated number of victims: 2,1 to 2,5 million (This estimated number of death is considered by historians as a strict minimum. The real number of death is unknown but probably much higher, maybe 4 millions)Sub-camps : 51The Auschwitz complex was divided in three major camps: Auschwitz I main camp or Stammlager; Auschwitz II, or Birkenau, established on October 8th, 1941 as a 'Vernichtungslager' (extermination camp); Auschwitz III or Monowitz, established on May 31th, 1942 as an 'Arbeitslager' or work camp; also several sub-camps. There were up to seven gas chambers using Zyklon-B poison gas and three crematoria. Auschwitz II included a camp for new arrivals and those to be sent on to labor elsewhere; a Gypsy camp; a family camp; a camp for holding and sorting plundered goods and a women's camp. Auschwitz III provided slave labor for a major industrial plant run by I G Farben for producing synthetic rubber (see Blechhammer). Highest number of inmates, including sub-camps: 155,000. The estimated number of deaths: 2.1 to 2.5 million killed in gas chambers, of whom about 2 million were Jews, and Poles, Gypsies and Soviet POWs. About 330,000 deaths from other causes.In April 1940, Rudolph Höss, who become the first commandant, identified the Silesian town of Oswiecim as a possible site for a concentration camp. The function of the camp was initially to intimidate Poles and prevent resistance to German rule. It was also perceived as a cornerstone of the policy to re-colonize Upper Silesia, which had once been a German region, with 'pure Aryans'. On April 27th, Himmler ordered construction of the camp.In May 1940, Poles were evicted from the vicinity of the barracks (most of them were executed), and a work crew comprising concentration camp prisoners was sent from Sachsenhausen. 300 Jews from the large Jewish community of Oswiecim were also pressed into service.The first transport of prisoners, almost all Polish civilians, arrived in June 1940 and the SS administration and staff was established. On March 1th, 1941, the camp population was 10,900. The camp quickly developed a reputation for torture and mass shootings.Himmler visited Auschwitz in March 1941 and commanded its enlargement to hold 30,000 prisoners. Himmler also ordered the construction of a second camp for 100,000 inmates on the site of the village of Brzezinka (Birkenau), roughly 4 km from the main camp. This massive camp was intended to be filled with captured Russian POWs who would provide the slave labor to build the SS 'utopia' in Upper Silesia. The chemical giant I G Farben expressed an interest in utilizing this labor force, too. Extensive construction work began in October 1941, under terrible conditions and with massive loss of life. About 10,000 Russian POWs died in the process.The main camp population grew from 18,000 in December 1942 to 30,000 in March 1943. In July or August 1941, Himmler briefed Höss about the 'Final Solution'. On September 3th, 1941, Soviet POWs at the Auschwitz main camp were used in trials of the poison gas Zyklon-B. This poison gas was produced by the German company "Degesch" (Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Schädlingsbekämpfung). The were gassed in underground cells in Block 11. After this trial, a gas chamber was rigged-up just outside the main camp and in February 1942, two temporary gas chambers opened at Birkenau. The crematories were built by the German company "Topf & son" located at Erfurt.In March 1942, a women's camp is established at Auschwitz with 6,000 inmates. In August 1942, it was moved to Birkenau. By January 1944, 27,000 women were living in Birkenau, in section B1a, in separated quarters.In February 1943, a section for Gypsies was established at Birkenau, camp BIIe, and in September 1943 an area was reserved for Czech Jews deported from Theresienstadt, the so-called 'Family Camp', BIIb. The gas chambers and crematoria opened in March 1943.In Autumn 1943, the camp administration was reorganized following a corruption scandal. By the end of 1943, the prisoner population of Auschwitz main camp, Birkenau, Monowitz and other sub-camps was over 80,000: 18,437 in the main camp, 49,114 in Birkenau, and 13,288 at Monowitz where I G Farben had its synthetic rubber plant. Up to 50,000 prisoners were scattered around 51 sub-camps such as Rajsko, an experimental agricultural station, and Gleiwitz, a coal mine (see The List of the Camps for a complete list of those sub-camps).The situation in the sub-camps was often even worse than in the main camps. In mid-1944, Auschwitz was designated a huge SS -run security area in Upper Silesia of over 40 sq. The camp population reached in August 1944 105,168. The last roll-call on January 18th, 1945 showed 64,000 inmates.During its history, the prison population of Auschwitz changed composition significantly. At first, its inmates were almost entirely Polish. From April 1940 to March 1942, on about 27,000 inmates, 30 percent were Poles and 57 percent were Jews. From March 1942 to March 1943 of 162,000 inmates, 60 percent were Jews.Auschwitz became a significant source of slave labor locally and functioned as an international clearing house. Of 2.5 million people who were deported to Auschwitz, 405,000 were given prisoner status and serial numbers. Of these, approximately 50 percent were Jews and 50 percent were Poles and other nationalities. Of those who received numbers, 65,000 survived. It is estimated that about 200,000 people passed through the Auschwitz camps and survived.Those deported to Auschwitz arrived at the nearby train station and were marched or trucked to the main camp where they were registered, tattooed, undressed, deloused, had their body hair shaven off, showered while their clothes were disinfected with Zyklon-B gas, and entered the camp under the infamous gateway inscribed 'Arbeit Macht Frei' ("Labor make you free")A parallel system operated later at Birkenau in 1942-43, except that for the majority the 'showers' proved to be gas chambers. Only about 10 percent of Jewish transports were registered, disinfected, shaven and showered in the 'central sauna' before being assigned barracks. In May 1944, a spur line was built right into the camp to accelerate and simplify the handling of the tens of thousands of Hungarian and other Jews deported in the spring and summer of 1944.The history of Auschwitz-Birkenau as an extermination center is complex. From late 1941 to October 1942, the mortuary at Auschwitz main camp, which was already equipped with a crematorium, was adapted as a gas chamber. It measured approximately 835 square feet. In the spring of 1942, two provisional gas chambers at Birkenau were constructed out of peasant huts, known as the 'bunkers'.The first 'bunker', with two sealed rooms, operated from January 1942 to the end of that year. The second, with four air tight rooms, became redundant in the spring of 1943, but remained standing and was used again in the autumn of 1944 when extra 'capacity' was needed for the murder of Hungarian Jews and the liquidation of the ghettos. The second measured about 1.134 square feet. The victims murdered in the 'bunkers' were first obliged to undress in temporary wooden barracks erected nearby. Their bodies were taken out of the gas chambers and pushed to pits where they were burned in the open. Between January 1942 and March 1943, 175,000 Jews were gassed to death here, of whom 105,000 were killed from January to March 1943.Up to this point, Auschwitz accounted for only 11 percent of the victims of the 'Final Solution'. However, in August 1942, planning began for the construction of four large-scale gassing facilities. It appears from the plans that the first two gas chambers were adapted from mortuaries which, with the huge crematoria attached to them, were initially intended to cope with mortalities amongst the slave labor force in the camp, now approaching 100,000 and subject to a horrifying death rate. But from the autumn of 1942, it seems clear that the SS planners and civilian contractors were intending to build a mass-murder plant.The twin pairs of gas chambers were numbered II and III, and IV and V. The first opened on March 31, 1943, the last on April 4, 1943. The total area of the gas chambers was 2,255 square meters; the capacity of these crematoria was 4,420 people. Those selected to die were undressed in the undressing room and then pushed into the gas chambers. It took about 20 minutes for all the people to death. In II and III, the killings took place in underground rooms, and the corpses were carried to the five ovens by an electrically operated lift. Before cremation gold teeth and any other valuables, such as rings, were removed from the corpses. In IV and V the gas chambers and ovens were on the same level, but the ovens were so poorly built and the usage was so great that they repeatedly malfunctioned and had to be abandoned. The corpses were finally burned outside, in the open, as in 1943. Jewish sonderkommandos worked the crematoria under SS supervision.Initially the new facilities were "underutilized". From April 1943 to March 1944, "only" 160,000 Jews were killed at Birkenau, but from March 1944 to November 1944, when all the other death camps had been abandoned, Birkenau surpassed all previous records for mass killing. The Hungarian deportations and the liquidation of the remaining Polish ghettos, such as Lodz, resulted in the gassing of 585,000 Jews. This period made Auschwitz-Birkenau into the most notorious killing site of all time.In October 1944, the 'Sonderkommando' crew crematoria IV revolted and destroyed the crematories. In November Himmler ordered gassings to stop, and a 'cleanup' operation was inaugurated to conceal traces of the mass murder. In January 1945, the Germans evacuated 58,000 prisoners who could walk. They left behind in the main camp, Birkenau and in Monowitz about 7,000 sick or incapacitated who they did not expect would live for long.When Soviet troops liberated Auschwitz on January 27, 1945, they found these pitiful survivors as well as 836,525 items of women clothing, 348,820 items of men clothing, 43,525 pairs of shoes and vast numbers of toothbrushes, glasses and other personal effects. They found also 460 artificial limbs and seven tons of human hair shaved from Jews before they were murdered. The human hairs were used by the company "Alex Zink" (located in Bavaria) for confection of cloth. This company was paying the human hairs 50 pfennig/kilo.Remarkably, there were instances of individual resistance and collective efforts at fighting back inside Auschwitz. Poles, Communists and other national groups established networks in the main camp. A few Jews escaped from Birkenau, and there were recorded assaults on Nazi guards even at the entrance to the gas chambers. The 'Sonderkommando' revolt in October 1944 was the extraordinary example of physical resistance.
