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a material is neither a good conductor nor a perfect insulator because the number of free electrons determine the conductivity of a material.when we charge the material by electrification the transfer of electrons from one body to another takes place.and the atom is ionized because in each atom electrons are attracted by other material and net charge on the body is positive.but this is not permanent nor temporary.as we know that earth is a charged body and charge on conductor can be discharge by earthing a conductor and it is no more conductor.similarly in insulators the aoms locally polarize by bringing close to any charged body and the charge on insulator is temporary because there is deficiency of electrons.if we continously charged the insulator material finally a stage is reached when it becomes conductor e.g when clouds are attracted they charged the air and air becomes conductor and lightening strikes,we also know that air is insulator but due to excess charging air becomes conductor.

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