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Plant cells are composed of:

The nucleus, which contains the DNA. It includes the nuclear envelope (outer layer), the nucleolus, which makes ribosomes, and the chromatin, which is the genetic material (DNA).

The smooth and rough endoplasmic reticuli. The rough ER contains ribosomes, which process DNA transcripts into protein chains. The smooth ER detoxifies the cell.

The central vacuole, which functions mainly for storage, especially of waste products and continues to expand throughout the cell's lifetime. It contributes to overall plant growth.

The tonoplast, the membrane enclosing the central vacuole.

The microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules, which form the cytoskeleton, which supports the cell and provides avenues of transport for vacuoles and other parts of the cell.

Chloroplasts, which perform photosynthesis to create energy for the cell.

The centrosome, which is the area where microtubules are initiated. (In plants, it lacks centrioles.)

Golgi bodies, which assemble proteins and transport substances between parts of the cell.

Mitochondria, which also function to provide energy for the cell.

Peroxisomes, which break down fatty acids and detoxify toxic substances.

The plasma membrane, which runs along the inside of the cell wall.

The cell wall, which protects the cell and provides structure to the plant, similar to a skeleton.

The plasmodesmata, channels between cells which allow material to pass between them.

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15y ago

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