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Harvey's experiments involved both direct dissection and physiological experiments on animals. His observations of dissected hearts showed that the valves in the heart allowed blood to flow in only one direction. Direct observation of the heartbeat of living animals showed that the ventricles contracted together, dispelling Galen's theory that blood was forced from one ventricle to the other. Dissection of the septum of the heart showed that it contained arteries and veins, not perforations. When Harvey removed the beating heart from a living animal, it continued to beat, thus acting as a pump, not a sucking organ. Harvey also used mathematical data to prove that the blood was not being consumed. Removal of the blood from human cadavers showed that the heart could hold roughly two ounces of blood. By calculating the number of heartbeats in a day and multiplying this by two ounces, he showed that the amount of blood pump far exceeded the amount that the body could possibly make. He based this figure on how much food and liquids a person could consume. To Harvey, this showed that the teaching by Galen that the blood was being consumed by the organs of the body was false. Blood had to be flowing through a 'closed circuit' instead. Even though he lacked a microscope, Harvey theorized that the arteries and veins were connected to each other by capillaries.

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