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Phenocrysts are large crystals that form in igneous rocks while the surrounding magma cools and solidifies more slowly. These distinctively larger mineral grains are typically embedded in a finer-grained matrix called the groundmass. Their presence can provide valuable information about the cooling history and composition of the magma from which the rock originated. Common minerals that can appear as phenocrysts include feldspar, quartz, and pyroxene.
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