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There are three parts to an atom. The nucleus consists of a proton or a combination protons and neutrons. The number of protons is the atomic number, and determines the element. For example, hydrogen has one proton. Helium has two protons and two neutrons. Varying numbers of neutrons represent different isotopes of that element. Deuterium is hydrogen with an additional neutron.

The number of protons is generally matched by the number of electrons. If there is an imbalance, an ion (charged element or molecule) is the result.

Electrons have a tiny fraction of the mass of either protons or neutrons.

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