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The four types of tubules in the context of renal physiology are the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct. Each plays a distinct role in the filtration and reabsorption processes of the nephron, contributing to the regulation of electrolyte balance, water reabsorption, and waste excretion. The proximal convoluted tubule primarily reabsorbs nutrients and water, the loop of Henle concentrates urine, the distal convoluted tubule fine-tunes electrolyte balance, and the collecting duct regulates water permeability based on hormonal signals. Together, they are essential for maintaining homeostasis in the body.

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