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Solvent is what the solute is dissolved in.

We usually think of the solvent as being a liquid like water, alcohol or petrol / gasoline. However, the solvent could be a gas or even a solid eg mineral deposits can dissolve through rock under pressure and time.

Solute is what dissolves.

Sugar dissolving in water would be the solute, sugar dissolving in the solvent, water.

Solution is the resultant solute/solvent mix.

When making a one litre (1 dm3) solution, the solute is dissolved in a small amount of solvent and then solvent is added to make the solution up to 1 litre.

Solubles is not a term used so much in solution chemistry. There are, however, Solubility Tables that tell the chemist which salts are soluble in water and which are not. Soluble salts dissolve more than 10 g / 100 mL; moderately soluble salts dissolve less than 10 g/100 mL and insoluble salts dissolve less than 1 g/ 100 mL at room temperature.

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