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Species (phylogenetically and genetically distinct animals from a common ancestor) form when barriers exist to prevent outbreeding. These are usually environmental (e.g. mountain ranges, oceans, climatic barriers) or biological (e.g. interbreeding of two species results in an infertile offspring).

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What are three events that lead to speciation?

Separation, Adaptation, Division


Divergence may lead to what?

speciation


Natural selection can lead to the formation of a new species which is called?

The development of a new species through evolution is called speciation.


What are the types of isolation the can lead to speciation?

reproductive, behavioral, geographic, and temporal


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Isolation often leads to speciation, because as each isolated population evolves new characteristics, the separate populations eventually get DNA that is too different for the two to breed and have fertile offspring (this is the point when speciation has occurred). In the case that there is not isolation, the whole species must slowly evolve until it becomes a new species. However, here the line between where the speciation actually occurred becomes blurry, because it doesn't happen in a single generation.


Is allopatric speciation more likely to occur on an island close to a mainland?

Yes, allopatric speciation is more likely to occur on an island close to a mainland because geographic isolation plays a key role in driving speciation. Isolation on an island can lead to reproductive barriers and genetic divergence, promoting the process of allopatric speciation. With limited gene flow from the mainland, unique evolutionary trajectories can lead to the formation of new species on the island.


How do barriers to reproduction lead to speciation events?

This occurs through adaptive radiation and allopatric speciation. The reproductive isolation is the separation of two populations of the same species, preventing interbreeding and production of a fertile offspring.


What event could lead to speciation according to the punctuated equilibrium theory?

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Allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation are two factors. Allopatric speciation occurs when physical barriers are formed, separating the specie. This will cause the specie to evolve at different rates causing a new specie to form. Sympatric speciation is less likely to occur when comparing it to allopatric. In sympatric speciation is no longer physical but generic. For example a mutation in the genetic order of the specie (which does not happen as often as physical barriers), and a different mating preference/season.