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CTGA

While A, T, C, and G represent a particular nucleotide at a position, there are also letters that represent ambiguity. Of all the molecules sampled, there is more than one kind of nucleotide at that position. The rules of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) are as follows:[1]

  • A = adenine
  • C = cytosine
  • G = guanine
  • T = thymine
  • R = G A (purine)
  • Y = T C (pyrimidine)
  • K = G T (keto)
  • M = A C (amino)
  • S = G C (strong bonds)
  • W = A T (weak bonds)
  • B = G T C (all but A)
  • D = G A T (all but C)
  • H = A C T (all but G)
  • V = G C A (all but T)
  • N = A G C T (any)
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