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It means to estimate a function value, based on nearby values.For example: let's assume you know that root(20) = 4.4721 (i.e., the square root of 20), and root(21) = 4.5826. If you want the root of 20.5, you can estimate this to be the average of these two, or about 4.5274. This assumes that in the graph of square roots, drawing a straight line between the two extremes is a good approximation. In this example, the exact value (rounded to four decimals) is 4.5277.

Note: The term "interpolation" is used if you estimate a value BETWEEN two given values; if you use similar methods to estimate a value OUTSIDE the two given values, the term "extrapolation" is used instead.

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