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The force of gravity as defined by newton is

F= G*(M*m)/r2

G is the gravitational constant. M and m are the masses of the two objects. r is the distance between the two objects. The thing that Newton could not explain was that the mass of an object used when determining gravity is the same as the mass for an object used in his famous F=ma. This phenomenon was later explained by Einstein with his Theory of General Relativity.
The mass, distance from the source (planet). The formula for gravity is force equals the gravitational constant (G) time the result of Mass one times Mass two divided by the distance between the two objects (r) squared.

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