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Any "standard" model must square with existing data in the general area where it is claimed to apply. New data as it comes to hand should also be well described by the model.

The description should not involve extensive modification of some feature for each new data set.

Those who work with the model should see it as self consistent, and no more complicated than the subject matter requires.

If two or more models are competing for acceptance the proponents of each are encouraged to think of experiments where the competing models are bound to give different predictions.

Numerical predictions are favoured, especially if they have the potential to rule out one or more models.

The features themselves can be ignored for a time. Newton proposed a model of the solar system and beyond consistent with the stars being distant suns. Nobody knew how big stellar parallax should be, basically until such things were measured, a century later.

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