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Desalinization, or desalination, is the process of removing salt and other impurities from seawater or brackish water to produce fresh water suitable for drinking and irrigation. This technique is increasingly important in addressing water scarcity, especially in arid regions. Common methods of desalination include reverse osmosis and distillation. The process, while effective, can be energy-intensive and expensive, and it raises environmental concerns regarding the disposal of concentrated brine.

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