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when there is an excess of nitrogen (for example when all the snow melts in the spring and washes nutrients into bodies of water), blue green algae / Cyanobacteria can grow very rapidly and essentially coat the surface of the water. This creates problems for any underwater vegetation because the sunlight it needs to grow is being blocked out by all of the algae growing above it.

This problem is reflected in all of the species of animals that eat the vegetation and etc down the food chain, because cyanobacteria is not good food for zooplankton and fish.

Eventually the blue green algae will run out of nutrients and will die off and the bacteria that bloom to consume the dead blue green algae consumed oxygen and in extreme situations the oxygen supply in the body of water (in smaller closed off bodies such as ponds or lakes) can be depleted by all of the dead decomposing algae and this can kill fish and other species.

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